Abdominal Cavity II - Spleen, GI Tract, and Pancreas Flashcards
Spleen
Functions: RBC storage and destruction, immune system component, blood filtration
Location: Within superficial leaf of greater omentum on left side of body
-In dorsal and left lateral recumbency - in left cranial and left caudal quadrants
-In right lateral recumbency - in left cranial, left caudal, and right cranial quadrants
Splenic surfaces and structures
Parietal surface: faces diaphragm and lateral abdominal wall on left side
Visceral surface: faces greater curvature of stomach and left kidney
Hilus of spleen: on visceral surface; site where blood vessels enter and leave the spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament: ligament between the stomach adn spleen; anchors head of spleen into stomach
Stomach
Cardia - initial part of stomach at entrance of esophagus
Fundus - dome-shaped blind pouch; located dorsal to cardia
Body - middle portion
Pyloric part - divided into pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, and pylorus
Greater curvature - site of attachment of the greater omentum
Lesser curvature - site of attachment of lesser omentum
Tunica muscularis
Three layers of smooth muscle in the stomach
-Outer longitudinal layer
-Middle circular layer
-Inner oblique layer
Rugae
Gastric folds that allow expansion of stomach. Longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa
Abdominal quadrants of the stomach
Cardia, fundus, and body - left cranial
Pyloric antrum - right cranial in dogs, left cranial in cats
Pylorus - right cranial in dogs, on or slightly left of midline in cats
GDV
Gastric dilation volvulus; condition in which the stomach rotates clockwise, duodenum moves ventrally to left of midline and gets trapped between the esophagus and the stomach
Divisions of the small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Small intestine divisions and locations
Cranial duodenal flexure - right cranial quadrant
Descending part - right cranial and right caudal quadrants
Caudal duodenal flexure - located caudal to cranial mesenteric artery; right caudal and left caudal quadrants
Ascending part - left caudal quadrant
Duodejejunal flexure - Located where small intestine falls away from body wall; left caudal quadrant
Jejunum - located in all four quadrants
Ileum - defined by antimesenteric ileal artery and ileocecal fold; communicates with ascending colon at ileocolic orifice; located in left and right caudal quadrants
Divisions of large intestine
Cecum
Colon (ascending, transverse, descending)
Rectum
Duodenocolic fold - located between ascending duodenum and descending colon
Ileocecal fold - courses between ileum and cecum (not well developed in dog/cat)
Cecum
Right caudal quadrant
Communicates with ascending colon at cecocolic orifice
Many species have an ileocecal fold coursing between ileum and cecum
Large intestine divisions and locations
Cecum - right caudal quadrant
Ascending colon - right caudal and cranial quadrants
Right colic flexure - right cranial quadrant
Transverse colon - right and left cranial quadrants
Left colic flexure - left cranial quadrant
Descending colon - left cranial and caudal quadrants
Rectum - continuation of descending colon within pelvic cavity
Small and large intestines relative to cranial mesenteric artery
Caudal duodenal flexure courses caudal to cranial mesenteric a.
Transverse colon courses caudal to a.
Pancreas
Function: exocrine portion produces digestive proenzymes; endocrine portion produces insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, gastrin, etc.
Regions:
-Body - located near pylorus of stomach; right cranial quadrant
-Right lobe - located within mesoduodenum; right cranial and caudal quadrants
-Left lobe - located within deep leaf of greater omentum; right and left cranial quadrants
Pancreatic ducts
Pancreatic duct - empties at major duodenal papilla; smaller than accessory pancreatic duct in dog (sometimes absent); always present in cat
Accessory pancreatic duct - empties at minor duodenal papilla; only present in ~20% of cats
