Joints of Crus and Pes

Question 1

Menisci

Answer 1

Two C-shaped discs (lateral and medial) between condyles of femur and condyles of tibia
Lateral meniscus is slightly thicker

Absorb energy and stress transfer across the joint; stabilize the joint

Question 2

Meniscotibial ligament

Answer 2

Cranial and caudal ligaments on each meniscus that attaches the menisci to the tibia

Question 3

Transverse ligament

Answer 3

Courses between the menisci cranially; attaches each cranial meniscotibial ligament

Question 4

Meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 4

Courses between caudal part of lateral meniscus and medial condyle of the femur

Question 5

Patellar ligament

Answer 5

Courses from patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 6

Collateral ligaments

Answer 6

Two ligaments - lateral and medial
Course between epicondyles of femur and tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral)

Taut in extension, lax in flexion

Lateral collateral ligament - limits varus motion (medial motion)
Medial collateral ligament - limits valgus motion (lateral motion)

Question 7

Cranial cruciate ligament

Answer 7

Attaches cranially to tibia from lateral condyle of femur

Taut during extension

Prevents tibia from moving cranially (prevents hyperextension)
Also prevents varus/valgus motion

Question 8

Caudal cruciate ligament

Answer 8

Attaches caudally to tibia from medial condyle of femur

Taut during extension

Prevents tibia from moving caudally
Also prevents varus/valgus motion

Question 9

Internal rotation of tibia

Answer 9

In extension - collateral ligaments are primary restraint
In flexion - cruciate ligaments are primary restraint

Question 10

External rotation of tibia

Answer 10

In flexion and extension - limited only by collateral ligaments