Extrinsic Thoracic Limb Origins and Insertions

Question 1

Superficial pectoral m.

Answer 1

O: Descending - First sternebra
Transverse - Sternebrae 1-3 and fibrous raphe on ventral midline

I: Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 2

Deep pectoral m.

Answer 2

O: Sternebrae 1-8 and fibrous raphe on ventral midline; deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage

I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus, greater tubercle and crest of the greater tubercle via aponeurosis, medial brachial fascia

Question 3

Sternocephalicus m.

Answer 3

O: First sternebra

I: Sterno-occipitalis - nuchal crest of the occipital bone of the skull
Sternomastoideus - mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull

Question 4

Sternohyoideus m.

Answer 4

O: Manubrium and first costal cartilage

I: Basihyoid bone

Question 5

Sternothyroideus m.

Answer 5

O: First costal cartilage

I: Caudolateral surface of thyroid cartilage

Question 6

Omotransversarius m.

Answer 6

O: Distal end of the scapula and acromion

I: Transverse process of the first cervical vertebra (wing of the atlas); also the basioccipital bone near the tympanic bulla in the cat

Question 7

Trapezius m.

Answer 7

O: T. cervicis - median raphe of the neck
T. thoracis - supraspinous ligament

I. Spine of the scapula

Question 8

Rhomboideus m.

Answer 8

O: R. capitis - nuchal crest of the occipital bone
R. cervicis - median raphe of the neck
R. thoracis - spinous processes of T1-T7 vertebrae

I. Dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula

Question 9

Latissimus dorsi m.

Answer 9

O: Thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of T7-L7 vertebrae in the dog and T4-L6 in the cat, last 2-3 ribs

I: Teres major tuberosity of the humerus and teres major tendon

Question 10

Serratus ventralis m.

Answer 10

O: Cervicis - transverse processes of C2/C3-C7 vertebrae
Thoracis - first 7-8 ribs in the dog and first 9-10 ribs in the cat, ventral to the middle region

I: Serrated face of the scapula

Question 11

Brachiocephalicus m.

Answer 11

O: Cleidomastoideus; cleidocervicalis; cleidobrachialis - clavicular intersection

I: Cleidomastoideus - mastoid part of the temporal bone
Cleidocervicalis - cranial half of median raphe of neck
Cleidobrachialis - distal end of cranial border of humerus in dogs, medial surface of the ulna in the cat; fascial attachment to axilla