Abdominal Cavity I - Peritoneum, Mesentery, Diaphragm, and Liver

Question 1

Peritoneum

Answer 1

Serous membrane - has two layers
Parietal - lines the boundaries of abdominal and pelvic cavities
Visceral - covers organs within abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 2

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 2

Between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Question 3

Connecting peritoneum

Answer 3

Double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to parietal peritoneum

Question 4

Greater omentum

Answer 4

Courses from the dorsal body wall to the greater curvature of the stomach
Contains fat and vessels
Has superficial and deep leaves

Question 5

Superficial leaf of the greater omentum

Answer 5

Contains the spleen

Question 6

Deep leaf of the greater omentum

Answer 6

Contains the left limb of the pancreas

Question 7

Omental bursa

Answer 7

Space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum

Question 8

Epiploic foramen

Answer 8

Entrance to omental bursa
Site of communication between peritoneal cavity and omental bursa
Boundaries
-Dorsal - caudal vena cava
-Ventral - (hepatic) portal v.
-Caudal - hepatic a.
-Cranial - liver

Question 9

Lesser omentum

Answer 9

Courses from lesser curvature of stomach and initial portion of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm
Covers papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver

Question 10

Hepatogastric ligament

Answer 10

Located between liver and stomach

Question 11

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 11

Located between liver and initial portion of the duodenum

Question 12

Mesenteric structures

Answer 12

From the dorsal primitive mesentery:
-Greater omentum
-Mesoduodenum
-Mesojejunum
-Mesoileum
-Mesocolon
-Mesorectum

From the ventral primitive mesentery
-Lesser omentum
-Falciform ligament
-Median ligament of the bladder

Question 13

Falciform ligament

Answer 13

Remnant of ventral mesentery
Courses from umbilicus to diaphragm

In fetus: encloses umbilical vein
In adult: encloses round ligament of liver

Storage of fat in dog, peritoneal fold in cat

Question 14

Median ligament of bladder

Answer 14

Remnant of ventral mesentery
Courses along ventral body wall caudal to umbilicus and attaches to urinary bladder

Question 15

Openings in diaphragm

Answer 15

Aoritc hiatus
-Aorta
-Azygous v.
-Thoracic duct

Esophageal hiatus
-Esophagus
-Dorsal and ventral vagal nerve trunks
-Esophageal vessels

Caval foramen
-Caudal vena cava

Question 16

Liver functions

Answer 16

Metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
Production of bile
Storage and filtration of blood
Excretion of bilirubin and other substances
Detoxify foregin substances

Question 17

Lobes of the liver

Answer 17

Left medial and lateral, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate

Gall bladder is between right medial and quadrate lobes
Falciform ligament is between left medial and quadrate lobes

Caudate lobe is located caudally on the right side

Located in right cranial and left cranial abdominal quadrants

Question 18

Surfaces of the liver

Answer 18

Parietal surface - contacts the diaphragm

Visceral surface - contacts stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney, spleen, greater omentum, and small intestine

Question 19

Ligaments of the liver

Answer 19

Function: hold the liver in position

Triangular ligaments
-Right - courses from right crus of diaphragm to right lateral lobe of liver
-Left - courses from left crus of diaphragm to left lateral lobe of liver

Coronary ligament - courses between the diaphragm and liver around caudal vena cava and hepatic veins

Question 20

Hepatic blood flow

Answer 20

Blood flow to the liver:
-Hepatic artery - carries oxygen rich blood to liver
-Portal vein - carries nutrient rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract

Blood flow from the liver
-Hepatic veins - carry blood from liver to caudal vena cava

Question 21

Biliary system

Answer 21

Gall bladder - stores bile; located in right cranial abdominal quadrant

Cystic duct - courses between gall bladder and bile duct

Hepatic duct - Carry bile from liver to bile duct

(Common) bile duct - formed by union of cystic and hepatic ducts; carries bile to the duodenum

Major duodenal papilla - Site of drainage of bile duct into duodenum; courses through wall of duodenum via bile duct