Abdominal Cavity I - Peritoneum, Mesentery, Diaphragm, and Liver Flashcards
Peritoneum
Serous membrane - has two layers
Parietal - lines the boundaries of abdominal and pelvic cavities
Visceral - covers organs within abdominal and pelvic cavities
Peritoneal cavity
Between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Connecting peritoneum
Double sheets of peritoneum extending between organs or connecting them to parietal peritoneum
Greater omentum
Courses from the dorsal body wall to the greater curvature of the stomach
Contains fat and vessels
Has superficial and deep leaves
Superficial leaf of the greater omentum
Contains the spleen
Deep leaf of the greater omentum
Contains the left limb of the pancreas
Omental bursa
Space between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum
Epiploic foramen
Entrance to omental bursa
Site of communication between peritoneal cavity and omental bursa
Boundaries
-Dorsal - caudal vena cava
-Ventral - (hepatic) portal v.
-Caudal - hepatic a.
-Cranial - liver
Lesser omentum
Courses from lesser curvature of stomach and initial portion of the duodenum to the liver and diaphragm
Covers papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver
Hepatogastric ligament
Located between liver and stomach
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Located between liver and initial portion of the duodenum
Mesenteric structures
From the dorsal primitive mesentery:
-Greater omentum
-Mesoduodenum
-Mesojejunum
-Mesoileum
-Mesocolon
-Mesorectum
From the ventral primitive mesentery
-Lesser omentum
-Falciform ligament
-Median ligament of the bladder
Falciform ligament
Remnant of ventral mesentery
Courses from umbilicus to diaphragm
In fetus: encloses umbilical vein
In adult: encloses round ligament of liver
Storage of fat in dog, peritoneal fold in cat
Median ligament of bladder
Remnant of ventral mesentery
Courses along ventral body wall caudal to umbilicus and attaches to urinary bladder
Openings in diaphragm
Aoritc hiatus
-Aorta
-Azygous v.
-Thoracic duct
Esophageal hiatus
-Esophagus
-Dorsal and ventral vagal nerve trunks
-Esophageal vessels
Caval foramen
-Caudal vena cava
Liver functions
Metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat
Production of bile
Storage and filtration of blood
Excretion of bilirubin and other substances
Detoxify foregin substances
Lobes of the liver
Left medial and lateral, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate
Gall bladder is between right medial and quadrate lobes
Falciform ligament is between left medial and quadrate lobes
Caudate lobe is located caudally on the right side
Located in right cranial and left cranial abdominal quadrants
Surfaces of the liver
Parietal surface - contacts the diaphragm
Visceral surface - contacts stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney, spleen, greater omentum, and small intestine
Ligaments of the liver
Function: hold the liver in position
Triangular ligaments
-Right - courses from right crus of diaphragm to right lateral lobe of liver
-Left - courses from left crus of diaphragm to left lateral lobe of liver
Coronary ligament - courses between the diaphragm and liver around caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
Hepatic blood flow
Blood flow to the liver:
-Hepatic artery - carries oxygen rich blood to liver
-Portal vein - carries nutrient rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract
Blood flow from the liver
-Hepatic veins - carry blood from liver to caudal vena cava
Biliary system
Gall bladder - stores bile; located in right cranial abdominal quadrant
Cystic duct - courses between gall bladder and bile duct
Hepatic duct - Carry bile from liver to bile duct
(Common) bile duct - formed by union of cystic and hepatic ducts; carries bile to the duodenum
Major duodenal papilla - Site of drainage of bile duct into duodenum; courses through wall of duodenum via bile duct
