Muscles of the Crus and Pes Flashcards
Cranial tibial m.
O: Lateral edge of the cranial border of the tibia
I: Proximal plantar aspect of the base of metatarsals I and II
N: Deep fibular/peroneal n.
A: Flex the tarsus; supination
Long digital extensor m.
O: Extensor fossa of the femur; tendon courses through extensor groove of tibia
I: Extensor process of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
N: Deep fibular/peroneal n.
A: Flex the tarsus; extend digits 2-5
Fibularis (peroneus) longus m.
O: Lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal fibula, lateral collateral ligament of stifle
I: Plantar aspect of base of metatarsals, 4th tarsal bone
N: Deep fibular/peroneal n.
A: Flex the tarsus, pronation
Lateral digital extensor m.
O: Proximal fibula
I: Joins the long digital extensor tendon coursing to digit 5
N: Superficial fibular/peroneal n.
A: Flex the tarsus, extend and abduct digit 5
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis m.
O: Distal fibula, lateral tibia
I: Proximal end of metatarsal V
N: Superficial fibular/peroneal n.
A: Flex the tarsus
Gastrocnemius m.
O: Medial head - medial supracondylar tuberosity of femur, sesamoid bone located w/in tendon of origin
Lateral head - lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur; sesamoid bone located w/in tendon of origin
I: Tuber calcanei - main component of common calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial n.
A: Flex stifle, extend tarsus
Superficial digital flexor m.
O: Lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
I: Tuber calcanei; proximal plantar aspect of middle phalanx of digits 2-5
N: Tibial n.
A: Flex stifle, extend tarsus, flex metatarsophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
Deep digital flexor m.
O: Lateral head - caudolateral border of the proximal tibia, proximal fibula
Medial head - proximal caudal tibia
I: Flexor process of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
N: Tibial n.
A: Extend tarsus; flex digits 2-5
Lateral head courses through flexor canal, joins with medial head distal to tarsus
Popliteus m.
O: Fossa for popliteus m. on lateral condyle of femur
I: Proximal caudal surface of tibia
N: Tibial n.
A: Rotate the crus medially, flex the stifle
Soleus m.
O: Proximal fibula
I: Common calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial n.
A: Extend the tarsus
Not present in dogs
Short digital extensor m.
O: Calcaneus and flexor surface of tarsus
I: Digits 2, 3, and 4 via long digital extensor tendons
N: Deep fibular n.
A: Extend the digits
Dorsal surface of pes; 3 heads
Muscles of plantar surface of pes
Short digital flexor mm. - poorly developed in dog, well developed in cats; located plantar to superficial digital flexor tendons
Interossei mm. - associated with plantar sesamoids; from proximals MT’s II-V and jt. capsule to proximal PI and long digital extensor tendons
Innervated by tibial n.
Flexor canal
On plantar surface of tarsus medial to calcaneus; covered by flexor retinaculum. Structures that course through flexor canal:
-Tendon of lateral head of DDF
-Tibial n. (medial and lateral plantar nn.)
-Saphenous a., caudal br.
-Medial saphenous v., caudal br.
-Lymphatics
Craniolateral muscles of crus
-Cranial tibial m.
-Long digital extensor m.
-Fibularis longus m.
-Lateral digital extensor m.
-Fibularis brevis m.
-Short digital extensor m.
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Caudal muscles of crus
-Gastrocnemius m. (lateral and medial heads)
-SDF
-DDF (lateral and medial heads/lateral digital flexor m. and medial digital flexor m.)
-Popliteus m.
Gastrocnemius m.
O: Medial head - medial supracondylar tuberosity of the femur; sesamoid bone (medial fabella) located within tendon of origin
Lateral head - lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur; sesamoid bone (lateral fabella) located within tendon of origin
I: Tuber calcanei - main component of common calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial n.
A: Flex the stifle, extend the tarsus
Superficial digital flexor m.
O: Lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
I: Tuber calcanei; proximal plantar aspect of middle phalanx of digits 2-5
N: Tibial n.
A: Flex the stifle, extend the tarsus, flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
Calcaneal bursae - subcutaneous and subtendinous - located at level of tuber calcanei
Deep digital flexor m.
O: Lateral head - caudolateral border of proximal tibia; proximal fibula
Medial head - proximal caudal tibia
I: Flexor process of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
N: Tibial n.
A: Extend the tarsus, flex digits 2-5
Tendon of lateral head courses through flexor canal; tendons of both heads join distal to tarsus
Popliteus m.
O: Fossa for popliteus m. on lateral condyle of the femur
I: Proximal caudal surface of tibia
N: Tibial n.
A: Rotate the crus medially, flex the stifle
Soleus m.
O: Proximal fibula
I: Common calcaneal tendon
N: Tibial n.
A: Extend the tarsus
Present in cats, not dogs
Muscles contributing to common calcaneal tendon
Gastrocnemius m.
Biceps femoris m.
Semitendinosus m.
Gracilis m.
SDF m.
Soleus m. (cat)
Short digital extensor m.
O: Calcaneus and flexor surface of tarsus
I: Digits 2, 3, 4 via long digital extensor tendons
N: Deep fibular n.
A: Extend the digits
3 heads
Short digital flexor mm.
Located plantar to SDF tendons
Well developed in cats, poorly developed in dogs
Interossei mm.
From proximal MT’s II-V and jt. capsule to proximal PI and long digital extensor tendons
Associated with plantar sesamoids
Innervated by tibial n.
Flexor canal
On plantar surface of tarsus medial to calcaneus
Covered by flexor retinaculum
Structures coursing through:
-tendon of lateral head of DDF
-tibial n. (medial and lateral plantar nn.)
-caudal br. of saphenous a.
-caudal br. of medial saphenous v.
-lymphatics
