Muscle names and groups Flashcards
What muscle runs anterior to the tibia
The tibialis anterior
What muscle group is anterior to the hip
iliopsoas
what muscles make up the iliopsoas
The psoas major and the iliacus
Where does the iliacus connect?
the iliac crest and the femur
Where des the psoas major connect?
To the vertebrae and the femur
Where does the Tibilais anterior connect
connects to the medial part of foot, and the tibial tuberoscity
what does the concentric action of the tibialis anterior cause
dorsiflexion
what does the concentric action of the iliopsoas cause
hip flexion
generally, what movement will an concentric anterior muscle action cause
flexion
generally, what movement will a concentric posterior muscle action cause
extension
generally, what movement will a concentric lateral muscle action cause
abduction
generally, what movement will a concentric medial muscle action cause
adduction
what exceptions to the general postional movement rules are there
the knee joint, anterior causes extension and posterior causes flexion
Where does the biceps brachii connect
anteriorly to the shoulder, and connects to the radial tuberosity.
What does concentric action of the biceps brachii cause
flexion at elbow, flexion at the shoulder. Supination at radioulna joint.
Where does the triceps brachii connect to
The triceps brachii posteriorly connects to the shoulder and the elbow joint at the olecranon
what action does concentric movement of triceps brachii cause and where
extension at the elbow and shoulder
Where does the deltoid connect
laterally to the humerus, posteriorly and anteriorly to the shoulder joint
what shape is the deltoid kinda
like a triangle as its posterior-anterior and lateral to shoulder joint
What movements can concentric activity of the deltoid cause
abduction of shoulder, lateral head
Flexion at shoulder, anterior head
Extension of shoulder, posterior head
Where does the gluteus maximus connect
Posteriorly to the hip joint, posterior to the sacrum and coccyx, and to femur
What does concentric action of the gluteus maximus cause
hip extension
What four muscles make the Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris, vasti lateralis, vasti medialis and the vasti intermedius
What’s special about the Rectus femoris
it crosses the hip joint so it also helps hip flexion, only muscle of these to do that
Whats more superficial the rectus femoris or the vasti muscles
the rectus femoris is more superfiial
what movement does concentric action of the quadriceps femoris create
knee extension
where do all muscles of the quadriceps femoris connect
the patella which connects to the tibial tuberosity
where do vasti muscles connect
to the femur anteriorly and to the and the patella at the tibial tuberosity
What muscles make up the hamstrings
The semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Where do the hamstring muscles connect
. Connect posteriorly to the hip. All 3 attach to the hip bone posteriorly, so run posterior to knee joint.
The hamstrings make the knee what type of joint and why
a condylar, causing the biceps femoris and semis to connect to opposite sides of knee joint.
what does the concentric action of the hamstring muscle group cause
hip extension and knee flexion, also rotation of knee when flexed
Where does the tibialis anterior connect
connects anteriorly to the tibial tuberosity and the medial side of the foot
What does the contraction action of the tibialis anterior cause
dorsiflexion,
what other movement does the tibialis anterior cause
inversion of the foot
What muscle group has the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles
the triceps surae
what in the triceps surae is more deep
the soleus
Where does the gastrocnemius connect
connects posteriorly to the femur and at the calcaneus tendon, achilleas
What does concentric action of the gastrocnemius cause and why
knee flexion as it crosses posteriorly to the knee, it connects to femur, and plantarflexion
what movement does contraction of soleus cause
plantarflexion
what does first class lever do
stabilise joint position
what does second class lever do
effective at overcoming loads
think wheelbarrow
what does third class lever do
= large range of movement and speed
think bicep
A fibre can contract upto 50% of its resting length. The larger the range of motion the larger the what?
larger the contraction, the larger the muscle fibre, the more ROM the stronger the contraction
Tension is proportional to?
the Cross sectional area of the muscle
More fibres= what
more CSA= more tension in the muscle.
the form of the muscle depends on what
Length of muscle fibres, Number of muscle fibres, Arrangement of muscle fibres.
pennate muscle arrangement gives more what in the muscle? but this results in less what
more force due to larger CSA, but the muscle can only contract half the resting length of its shortest fibre so the contraction of the muscle is decreased. So pennate doesn’t give the best ROM.
describe concentric muscle action
Muscle is active and develops tension.
In this action the tension is greater than the load thus bones can be pulled closer together as muscles contract, which changes joint position.
describe eccentric muscle action
muscle is active and tension develops
But tension Is lesser than the load, in this case, the muscle will elongate, maybe even be pulled in the opposite direction by another muscle or gravity. Usually elongates the muscle. Changes joint position
describe isometirc muscles action
Active and tension develops
Tension is the same as the load, thus muscle length does not change, so no change in joint position. Think holding your forearm out straight and how muscle doesn’t move doing this but is still active in resisting gravity.
what type of rotation does biceps femoris allow
lateral rotation when knee if flexed
what type of rotation do the semimembranosus and semitendinosus allow
medial rotation when knee if flexed
