Complex movement and Gait Flashcards

1
Q

True or false, gait appearance is characteristic to each person

A

true

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2
Q

Early stance: describe the Hip joint

A

Flexed but moving into extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip back wards

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3
Q

Early stance: describe the knee joint

A

fully extended due to the movement of the person, this provides the most stability for when leg hits ground, the quadriceps femoris and the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are acting isometrically to keep it this way

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4
Q

Early stance: describe the Ankle joint

A

Ankle: In full dorsiflexion as that is the most stable way to land, as it has the most bony congruence. moving into plantarflexion due to concentric activity of triceps surae, eccentric tibialis anterior activity controls the rate foot drops.

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5
Q

Mid stance: describe the Hip joint

A

Hip: moving into extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip back ward

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6
Q

Mid stance: describe the knee joint

A

Knee: knee is in slight flexion, the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracting

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7
Q

mid stance: describe ankle joint

A

Ankle: moving into plantar flexion, the triceps surae ( gastrocnemius and soleus) are contracting

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8
Q

Late stance: describe Hip joint

A

Hip: Full extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip backwards

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8
Q

Late stance: describe knee joint

A

Knee: in extension as this provides the most propulsion of the leg forward, the knee is fully extended due to the plantar flexion of the ankle. But the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted as knee flexes when the toe is off

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9
Q

Late stance: describe ankle joint

A

Ankle: in full plantarflexion, as this provides the best forward thrust for leg swing, the triceps surae are contracted.

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10
Q

What can late stance also be called

A

toe off

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11
Q

what can early stance also be called

A

heel strike

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12
Q

early swing: describe hip joint

A

Hip: In extension but beginning to flex. Iliopsoas acting concentrically. Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings( biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) acting eccentrically to control the rate the hip swings forward.

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13
Q

Early swing: describe the knee joint

A

Knee: knee is in flexion so hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted.

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14
Q

Early swing: describe the ankle joint

A

Ankle: in plantarflexion but moving into dorsiflexion( so the foot can clear ground as swings through) thus the tibialis anterior is contracting

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15
Q

Mid swing: describe hip joint

A

Hip: In extension but beginning to flex. Iliopsoas acting concentrically. Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings( biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) acting eccentrically to control the rate the hip swings forward.

16
Q

mid swing: describe knee joint

A

Knee: knee is in flexion so hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted.

17
Q

mid swing: describe ankle joint

A

Ankle: moving into dorsiflexion so the tibialis anterior is contracting

18
Q

late swing: describe hip joint

A

Hip: In Flexion fully as it is the most stable way to land in heel strike, Iliopsoas acting concentrically and the Hamstrings and glute acting eccentrically to slow the rate at which the lower limb swings.

19
Q

late swing describe knee joint:

A

: In flexion but moving to extension to prepare for heel strike, for stability, so quadriceps femoris contract

20
Q

late swing describes ankle joint

A

In dorsiflexion for most stable joint position for heel strike
* Concentric activity of tibialis anterior; isometric activity triceps
surae to keep ankle stable

21
Q

how does gravity act over the joints of the lower limb

A

going down the body, gravity acts directly down. It acts posterior to the joint of the hip, anterior to the knee joint and anterior to the ankle joint.

22
Q

Whats beneficial about how gravity acts through the hip joint

A

Gravity being posterior to the hip forces it to extend while standing. This locks the ligaments in place so the glutes and other hip muscles do not need to move at all, so no energy expenditure.

23
Q

Whats beneficial about how gravity acts through the knee

A

The line of gravity acting through the body is anterior to the knee joint, so the joint is pushed and locked into extension as the ligaments are tight and locked, once again no energy is used by muscles in this case.

24
Q

what parts of the gait cycle involve isometric muscle actions

A

early stance of knee and late swing of the ankle