Complex movement and Gait

Question 1

True or false, gait appearance is characteristic to each person

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Early stance: describe the Hip joint

Answer 2

Flexed but moving into extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip back wards

Question 3

Early stance: describe the knee joint

Answer 3

fully extended due to the movement of the person, this provides the most stability for when leg hits ground, the quadriceps femoris and the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are acting isometrically to keep it this way

Question 4

Early stance: describe the Ankle joint

Answer 4

Ankle: In full dorsiflexion as that is the most stable way to land, as it has the most bony congruence. moving into plantarflexion due to concentric activity of triceps surae, eccentric tibialis anterior activity controls the rate foot drops.

Question 5

Mid stance: describe the Hip joint

Answer 5

Hip: moving into extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip back ward

Question 6

Mid stance: describe the knee joint

Answer 6

Knee: knee is in slight flexion, the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracting

Question 7

mid stance: describe ankle joint

Answer 7

Ankle: moving into plantar flexion, the triceps surae ( gastrocnemius and soleus) are contracting

Question 8

Late stance: describe Hip joint

Answer 8

Hip: Full extension, Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) contracting to move hip backwards

Question 8

Late stance: describe knee joint

Answer 8

Knee: in extension as this provides the most propulsion of the leg forward, the knee is fully extended due to the plantar flexion of the ankle. But the hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted as knee flexes when the toe is off

Question 9

Late stance: describe ankle joint

Answer 9

Ankle: in full plantarflexion, as this provides the best forward thrust for leg swing, the triceps surae are contracted.

Question 10

What can late stance also be called

Answer 10

toe off

Question 11

what can early stance also be called

Answer 11

heel strike

Question 12

early swing: describe hip joint

Answer 12

Hip: In extension but beginning to flex. Iliopsoas acting concentrically. Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings( biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) acting eccentrically to control the rate the hip swings forward.

Question 13

Early swing: describe the knee joint

Answer 13

Knee: knee is in flexion so hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted.

Question 14

Early swing: describe the ankle joint

Answer 14

Ankle: in plantarflexion but moving into dorsiflexion( so the foot can clear ground as swings through) thus the tibialis anterior is contracting

Question 15

Mid swing: describe hip joint

Answer 15

Hip: In extension but beginning to flex. Iliopsoas acting concentrically. Gluteus maximus and Hamstrings( biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus) acting eccentrically to control the rate the hip swings forward.

Question 16

mid swing: describe knee joint

Answer 16

Knee: knee is in flexion so hamstrings and gastrocnemius are contracted.

Question 17

mid swing: describe ankle joint

Answer 17

Ankle: moving into dorsiflexion so the tibialis anterior is contracting

Question 18

late swing: describe hip joint

Answer 18

Hip: In Flexion fully as it is the most stable way to land in heel strike, Iliopsoas acting concentrically and the Hamstrings and glute acting eccentrically to slow the rate at which the lower limb swings.

Question 19

late swing describe knee joint:

Answer 19

: In flexion but moving to extension to prepare for heel strike, for stability, so quadriceps femoris contract

Question 20

late swing describes ankle joint

Answer 20

In dorsiflexion for most stable joint position for heel strike
* Concentric activity of tibialis anterior; isometric activity triceps
surae to keep ankle stable

Question 21

how does gravity act over the joints of the lower limb

Answer 21

going down the body, gravity acts directly down. It acts posterior to the joint of the hip, anterior to the knee joint and anterior to the ankle joint.

Question 22

Whats beneficial about how gravity acts through the hip joint

Answer 22

Gravity being posterior to the hip forces it to extend while standing. This locks the ligaments in place so the glutes and other hip muscles do not need to move at all, so no energy expenditure.

Question 23

Whats beneficial about how gravity acts through the knee

Answer 23

The line of gravity acting through the body is anterior to the knee joint, so the joint is pushed and locked into extension as the ligaments are tight and locked, once again no energy is used by muscles in this case.

Question 24

what parts of the gait cycle involve isometric muscle actions

Answer 24

early stance of knee and late swing of the ankle