lecture 3 and 4 bones

Question 1

how many bones in body

Answer 1

206,

Question 2

bones in axial skeleton and bones in appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

80 in axial and 126 in the appendicular

Question 3

5 main roles of the skeletal system

Answer 3

> > Support: supports entire body,
Store minerals and lipids: The calcium salts stored in bone maintain normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate in blood
Produce blood cells: Red and white and platelets are made in red bone marrow,
Protection: the skeleton surrounds delicate organs and tissue
Leverage: bones function as levers that can change the magnitude and direction of force limbs generate

Question 4

what are the 4 classes of bone

Answer 4

flat, long , short and irregular

Question 5

describe and give example of long bone

Answer 5

elongated and slender has diaphysis and epiphysis. Are in things like arm, forearm, thigh, leg, fingers and toes. Femur is longest and heaviest bone of body

Question 6

describe and give example of short bone

Answer 6

small and boxy, examples are carpals in wrist and tarsals in toes. usually filled with cancellous bone tissue

Question 7

describe and give example of flat bone

Answer 7

are roughly parallel flat and thin, which allows for large surface area to attach muscles to. Examples are ribs, sternum, roof of skull and scapulae. compact bone outer and soft bone inner

Question 8

describe and give example of irregular bone

Answer 8

have complex shapes that can be rounded, rough, short, notched or ridged. Several skull bones are irregular, so is vertebrae and pelvis bones

Question 9

whats the axial skeleton

Answer 9

bones of the head, vertebral column and trunk. Roughly 40% of bones in body.

Question 10

whats the appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

the bones of the upper and lower limbs

Question 11

what are the skull bone

Answer 11

frontal bone, 2 parietal, an occipital and two temporal, then face bones

Question 12

hand bone numbers

Answer 12

Carpals 8
Metacarpals 5
Phalanges 14 ( 3 on each except thumb)

Question 13

foot bone numbers

Answer 13

T In tarsals means toes
Tarsals 7
Metatarsals 5
Phalanges 14 (2 big toe)

Question 14

what are the bones in the pelvic girldle

Answer 14

two hip bones/ os coxae and the sacrum. coccyx is the bone at the bottom

Question 15

what are pectoral girdle bones

Answer 15

clavicle and scapula

Question 16

what percentage of bone is organic, what role does this part serve

Answer 16

33%, ts made of collagen, ground substance( proteoglycans) and its function is to resist tension

Question 17

what percentage of bone is inorganic, what are the structures and what roles does it do?

Answer 17

The inorganic component makes up 67% of the rest of the bone matrix.
These inorganic parts is what makes bone so hard, these components are things like calcium and phosphate ions in the matrix. These make bone very resistant to compression.

Question 18

where in the bone is red and white blood cells made

Answer 18

white and red in the Red bone marrow

Question 19

who has more red marrow kids or adults, and why

Answer 19

Kids have lots of this red marrow as they are growing and need lots of red blood cells to do this, adults have much less as they no longer need to support growth.

Question 20

what makes the ECM of bones

Answer 20

33% organic components
67% inorganic components inorganic as not made by cell itself

Question 21

name the main mineral in inorganic bone ECM

Answer 21

hydroxyapatite

Question 22

how much weight of bone mass does cellular component make

Answer 22

2%, 98% is ECM

Question 23

where are Osteoclasts found

Answer 23

in the endosteum

Question 24

why do we remove bone tissue

Answer 24

Allows body to mobilise calcium, phosphate and other
minerals from the bone matrix

Question 25

there is no central canal blood vessels in cancellous bone tissue why

Answer 25

because the struts of trabeculae aren’t large eough and there’s not enough space between them

Question 26

since no blood vessels, how does cancellous bone cells, osteocytes get nutrients

Answer 26

through diffusion of blood down the trabeculae, the diffused nutrients move down cancalaculi to the lacunae to these cells.

Question 27

fibula with its organic component of ECM removed will

Answer 27

shatter/ be brittle

Question 28

fibula with inorganic components removed

Answer 28

be soft, so able to compress and bend

Question 29

difference of appendicular and axial skeleton

Answer 29

axial is the bones of the trunk. 80. the appendicular are the bones of the limbs with 126 bone