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2nd Year 2nd Term > MT6316 LESSON 6 > Flashcards

MT6316 LESSON 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A system that incorporates all the processes needed for effectively managing data

A

Information Management

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2
Q

Information Management may be entirely ______

A

may be entirely paper-based, computer-based, or a combination of both

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3
Q

Elements to consider when planning and developing an information management system?

A
  • patient identifiers
  • standardized test request forms (requisitions)
  • logs and worksheets
  • checking processes to assure accuracy of data recording and transmission
  • protection against loss of data
  • patient confidentiality and privacy
  • effective reporting systems
  • effective and timely communication
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4
Q

process in human relations of passing information and understanding

A

COMMUNICATION

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5
Q

frequently conducted by written or spoken word but may be conveyed by gesture, lack of gesture, manner of dressing, personal appearance and general behavior

A

COMMUNICATION

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6
Q

Data generated by the laboratory has been called ________ and is not actual information until it has been utilized in patient care

A

potential information

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7
Q

Transmission of information between or among departments

A

INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION

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8
Q

Transmission of information within the department.

A

INTRADEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION

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9
Q

Why is communication better within the department?

A

because of proximity , similar education related duties and common goals among co-workers.

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10
Q

COMMANDMENTS OF HUMAN RELATIONS?

A
  1. Speak to people
  2. Smile at People
  3. Call people by Name
  4. Be friendly and helpful
  5. Be cordial
  6. Be genuinely Interested in people
  7. Be generous with praise
  8. Be considerate with the feelings of others
  9. Be alert to give service
  10. Be thoughtful of the opinions of others
  11. Have a good sense of humor
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11
Q

WAYS TO COMMUNICATE?

A
  1. Informal talks
  2. Planned appointments
  3. Telephone calls
  4. Interoffice memos
  5. Letters
  6. Reports
  7. Informal staff meetings
  8. Planned conferences
  9. Mass meetings
  10. Bulletin Board Notices
  11. Posters
  12. Exhibits and Displays
  13. Visual aids (films, filmstrips)
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12
Q

Most fundamental form of communication, suitable for day to day liaison, direction and exchange of information

A

Informal talks

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13
Q

Appropriate for regular review or liaison recurring joint work sessions

A

Planned Appointment

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14
Q

Good for frequent check up for empathy of receiving information, instruction, etc.

A

Telephone calls

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15
Q

Effective for recording informal inquiries or replies, use should not be overdone or they will be ignored

A

Interoffice memos

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16
Q

Useful for official notices, formally recorded statements or lengthy communications even when the addressee is physically available

A

Letters

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17
Q

Used to convey information associated with evaluation, analysis, recommendations, etc to supervisors or colleagues

A

Reports

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18
Q

Most effective when based on conferences, visits, inspections, surveys, research study

A

Reports

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19
Q

Provides opportunity for development of strong group cohesiveness and response

A

Informal staff meeting

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20
Q

Supervisor should hold these each morning, at the end of the day, or lunch

A

Informal staff meeting

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21
Q

Relatively normal affair, where participants are given enough time to prepare needed data, information, reports, etc.

A

Planned conference

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22
Q

Conducted by management with large number of employees

A

Mass meeting

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23
Q

Valuable means of celebrating occasions, building morale, introducing new policies, making special announcements

A

Mass meeting

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24
Q

Effective for lengthy/ formal announcements

A

Bulletin Board Notices

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25
Q

Categories of communication?

A

Vertical - downward, upward
Horizontal
Diagonal

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26
Q

When subordinate communicates directly to his supervisor or superiors

A

UPWARD COMMUNICATION

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27
Q

What is UPWARD COMMUNICATION usually for?

A

providing suggestions, complaints and the like to superiors. it is not directive in nature.

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28
Q

When a superior or supervisor communicates directly to his subordinates.

A

DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION

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29
Q

What level management uses downward communication in informing employees about their decisions, policies, procedures, and sending of memo?

A

Top

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30
Q

Flow of information between colleagues and peers.

A

HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

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31
Q

HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION is needed to coordinate within and among?

A

within a department, among team members and among different departments

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32
Q

Flow of information between positions that are on different lateral planes and activities of the organizational structure

A

DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION

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33
Q

Diagonal communication occurs between?

A

laboratory personnel and the human resources department; or

between laboratory management and non-managerial members of other departments

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34
Q

Brings accuracy and accessibility to the flow of samples and data in the clinical laboratory

A

Computerized laboratory information systems

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35
Q

Computerized laboratory information systems may be?

A

in-house computer network or locally developed systems based on commercially available database software

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36
Q

Criteria for choosing the Computerized laboratory information system?

A
  • flexibility, adaptability
  • ease of evolution and support
  • system speed will most benefit the laboratory
37
Q

Advantages of LIMS?

A

Error reduction

Quality control management

Provision of options for data searching

Access to patient information

Generate reports

Ability to track reports

Ability to track and analyze trends

Improved capability for maintaining patient confidentiality

Financial management

Integration with sites outside the laboratory

Manufacturer-provided training

38
Q

What advantage of LIMS: Provides information that is legible

A

Error reduction

39
Q

What advantage of LIMS: a variety of parameters can be used for data retrieval; it is usually possible to access data by name, by laboratory or patient number

A

Provision of options for data searching

40
Q

What advantage of LIMS: very useful in the process of checking the most recent results against previous data to look for changes, which is a good practice and helps to detect errors

A

Access to patient information

41
Q

T or F: it is easy to generate detailed, legible reports quickly

A

T

42
Q

LIMS will provide?

A

standardized (or customized) reports.

43
Q

Is it easier to maintain patient confidentiality in handwritten reports?

A

No

44
Q

T or F: Patients need to report to the laboratory to encode data

A

F, LIMS can be set up so that data comes into the laboratory system directly from a patient or client registration point

45
Q

Disadvantages of LIMS?

A

Training

Time to adapt to a new system

Cost

Physical restrictions

Need for backup system

46
Q

Document or Record: provide written information about policies, processes and procedures

A

Document

47
Q

Document or Record: communicate information to all persons who need it

A

Document

48
Q

Document or Record: updated or maintained

A

Document

49
Q

Document or Record: changed when a policy, process or procedure changes

A

Document

50
Q

Document or Record: once the forms are used to record information

A

Records

51
Q

Document or Record: collected information produced by the laboratory in the process of performing and reporting a laboratory test

A

Records

52
Q

Document or Record: need to be easily retrieved or accessed

A

Records

53
Q

Document or Record: contain information that is permanent, and does not require updating

A

Records

54
Q

a documented statement of overall intentions and direction defined by those in the organization and endorsed by management

A

Policy

55
Q

gives broad and general direction to the quality system

A

Policy

56
Q

tell “what to do”, in a broad and general way

A

Policy

57
Q

Policies include?

A

organizational mission, goals and purpose

58
Q

Policies serve as?

A

framework for the quality system, and should always be specified in the quality manual

59
Q

steps involved in carrying out quality policies

A

Processes

60
Q

set of interrelated or interacting activities that transform inputs into outputs

A

Processes

61
Q

test requests, samples, requests for information

A

Inputs

62
Q

laboratory data, reports of results

A

Outputs

63
Q

“how it happens”

A

Processes

64
Q

specific activities of a process

A

Procedures

65
Q

described as the performance of a test

A

Procedures

66
Q

“how to do it”

A

Procedures

67
Q

shows the step-by-step instructions that laboratory staff should meticulously follow for each activity

A

Procedures

68
Q

Used to indicate the detailed instructions on how to do it

A

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

69
Q

Document hierarchy?

A

Policies > Processes > Procedures

70
Q

Some of the important documents that every laboratory should have include?

A

Quality manual
SOPs
Reference materials

71
Q

Essential to ensure that all procedures are performed consistently by everyone in the laboratory

A

SOPs

72
Q

Overall guiding document for the quality system and provides the framework for its design and implementation

A

Quality manual

73
Q

Needed in order to find scientific and clinical information about diseases, laboratory methods, and procedures

A

Reference materials

74
Q

What makes a good document?

A
  • written clearly and concisely
  • written in a user-friendly style
  • written so as to be explicit and accurate
  • maintained, up to date
75
Q

Provides procedures for formatting and maintaining documents

A

Document Control

76
Q

Document Control should?

A
  • ensure that the most current version of any document is the one that is in use;
  • ensure availability and ease of use
  • provide for the appropriate archiving of documents when they need to be replaced
  • a uniform format
  • a process for formal approval, a distribution plan and a procedure for updating and revising
  • a master log or inventory
  • a process to ensure that the documents are available to all
  • a method for archiving documents that become outdated but need to be kept for future reference
77
Q

Importance of records?

A

Continuous monitoring

Tracking of samples

Evaluating problems

Management

78
Q

Without access to all the data collected as a part of a quality system process, ______ cannot be accomplished.

A

continuous monitoring

79
Q

______ allow for tracking of samples throughout the entire testing process

A

Well-kept records

80
Q

A _____ any information that must be kept should be established

A

method to record

81
Q

What type of records could be easily forgotten?

A

management and handling of rejected samples

Data needed on any sample referred to another laboratory

adverse occurrences or problems

Inventory and storage records

Equipment records

82
Q

What are the Considerations on a Paper System in Storing documents and records?

A

Permanence
Accessibility
Security
Traceability

83
Q

How is permanence ensured in a paper-based system?

A

by binding pages together, or using a bound book (log register)

84
Q

What are essential in case the main system fails?

A

backup systems

85
Q

What will help to reduce system failures and loss of data?

A

regular maintenance of the computer system

86
Q

What can be established to protect the data?

A

computer access codes

87
Q

What should be designed in a way that allows for tracing the specimen throughout the entire process in the laboratory?

A

electronic record systems

88
Q

What are the Factors to consider on the retention of records?

A
  • the length of time the laboratory will need to have access to its records;
  • government requirements or standards that dictate record retention times;
  • whether the laboratory is engaged in ongoing research requiring many years of data;
  • the time interval between the laboratory’s assessments or audits

2nd Year 2nd Term (38 decks)

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