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2nd Year 2nd Term > MT6314 UNIT 13-14 > Flashcards

MT6314 UNIT 13-14 Flashcards

1
Q

Ethics comes from the Greek word _____

A

Ethos

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2
Q

Are moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conduct of an activity.

A

Ethics

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3
Q

Are a set of rules that society have to agree about living with other people

A

Ethics

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4
Q

Is a moral philosophy

A

Ethics

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5
Q

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves?

A

systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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6
Q

Bioethics is the ethics of?

A

Life

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7
Q

Life of science is?

A

Biology

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8
Q

T or F: Bioethics is a philosophy

A

T

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9
Q

Bioethics is also known as?

A

medical ethics or clinical ethics

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10
Q

Philosophical study of ethical issues

A

Bioethics

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11
Q

Interdisciplinary study of problems brought about by biological and medical progress and its impact in the society and value system

A

Bioethics

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12
Q

The history of bioethics is preceded by?

A

medical ethics

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13
Q

Bioethics is the primary focus of?

A

medical ethics , animal ethics, environmental ethics

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14
Q

Doctors use their knowledge and power to?

A
  • to benefit the sick
  • do no harm
  • preserve life
  • keep in strictest confidence any patient information
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15
Q

HOWEVER, after _____, it became clear that medical ethics was no longer sufficient to meet contemporary challenges

A

WWII

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16
Q

Why do we study Bioethics?

A
  • address perennial ethical problems, issues, dilemmas confronting health care workers and patients
  • address legal problems in health care with ethical concerns
  • address the challenges of modern technology
  • enhance professional development and ethical values of health care professionals
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17
Q

Principles of Bioethics

A
  • Autonomy - freedom of choice
  • Non-maleficence - do no harm
  • Beneficence - do good
  • Justice - fairness and equality
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18
Q

T or F: Principles of Bioethics can overlap and compete with each other for priority

A

T

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19
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Considering patient’s desires within the bounds of accepted treatment

A

Autonomy

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20
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Involving patients in making decisions

A

Autonomy

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21
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Considering patients’ needs, desires, and abilities

A

Autonomy

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22
Q

T or F: Autonomy safeguards patients’ privacy

A

T

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23
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Protecting patient from harm

A

Non-maleficence

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24
Q

What principle of Bioethics: No intentional harm or injury be done on the patient

A

Non-maleficence

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25
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Knowing one’s own limitations

A

Non-maleficence

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26
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Knowing when delegation of patients’ care to trainees is appropriate

A

Non-maleficence

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27
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Service to the patient and the public at large

A

Beneficence

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28
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Duty to promote patient’s welfare

A

Beneficence

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29
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Competent and timely delivery of health care

A

Beneficence

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30
Q

What principle of Bioethics: To always act in the best interest of the patient

A

Beneficence

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31
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Delivering health care without prejudice nor discrimination

A

Justice

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32
Q

What principle of Bioethics: Attend to patients according to need and to always act in the best interest of the patient

A

Justice

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33
Q

Identify and clarify ethical questions to find ethically acceptable course/s of action

A

Clinical Ethics

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34
Q

Clinical Ethics encourages what kind of communication amongst all patients?

A

honest and respectable communication

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35
Q

Clinical Ethics also recommend what solutions?

A

clinically and ethically acceptable solutions

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36
Q

Improve institutional responses to ethical dilemmas

A

Clinical Ethics

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37
Q

Challenged by the increased collection and use of personal, medical, biological information

A

Genetics

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38
Q

Genetics involves ___ and _____

A

privacy and security

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39
Q

Genetics imposes a challenge on?

A

Autonomy

40
Q

Clinical Neuroethics involves topics on?

A
  • consciousness
  • deep brain stimulation
  • enhancement in clinical setting
  • pain
  • death
41
Q

Reproductive Ethics also involves reproductive ____

A

Justice

42
Q

Reproductive Ethics tackles issues on?

A
  • Assisted reproduction (Surrogacy, Genetic manipulation)
  • Restricting fertility (Sterilization, Contraception
  • Abortion
43
Q

Abortion is an issue of intense moral and personal
concern based on?

A
  • sexuality
  • autonomy
  • politics
  • science
  • religion
44
Q

Involves assisted reproduction and gestational surrogates

A

Surrogacy

45
Q

Issues regarding Surrogacy includes?

A
  • exploitation of poor women who are desperate for money
  • complication of women’s bodies as commodities
  • the moral and ethical consequences of transforming a normal biological function of a woman’s body into a commercial transaction
46
Q

Involves the complete genome and allows for early determination of a newborn’s predisposition to certain diseases

A

Whole Genome Screening

47
Q

Issues regarding Whole Genome Screening include?

A
  • data and information release
  • identifiability
  • adequacy of consent
  • stereotyping or stigmatization
48
Q

Creating a new population of genetically similar organisms through reproduction of human cells or tissues

A

Human Cloning

49
Q

Issues on Human Cloning include?

A
  • individuals as sources of organs
  • human life becoming a commodity
  • safety and efficacy of procedures
  • use for destructive embryonic stem cell research
  • effects on child/parent relationships
50
Q

Uses the embryo as a source of undifferentiated cells; use these cells to treat diseases

A

Stem cell research

51
Q

Issues regarding stem cell research include?

A
  • medical risks
  • protection of the reproductive interests of women
  • confidentiality of donor information
  • forces us to choose between preserving the life of the embryo and alleviating pain or suffering
52
Q

Improving the human society or race by selectively, AND aims to reduce human suffering by “breeding out” disease, disabilities and so-called undesirable
characteristics from the human population

A

Eugenics

53
Q

Issues regarding Eugenics include?

A
  • horrible abuses committed in the name of eugenics through coercive policies
  • how new genetic knowledge is used
  • confidentiality of donor information
  • social inequality
  • subjectivity of perfection
54
Q

Issues regarding Euthanasia include?

A
  • sanctity of life
  • autonomy and human rights
  • doctor-patient relationship
55
Q

Euthanasia fails to see the?

A

dignity of the human person

56
Q

In the context of euthanasia, _____ should be extended without inducing death

A

Mercy

57
Q

Reversion of death, freezing to reanimate

A

Cryonics

58
Q

Why temperature does Cryonics happen in?

A

−196 °C or −320.8 °F

59
Q

Issues regarding cryonics include?

A
  • Autonomy and rights of a person
  • right and dignity of the healthcare team
  • Non-maleficence
60
Q

Professional Ethics includes all standards of behavior in?

A

personal life
occupation
workplace

61
Q

Professional ethics are based on?

A

sound moral and ethical principles

62
Q

Professional Conduct involves?

A
  • ethics
  • morals
  • standards of behavior
63
Q

Simply stated, professional codes of ethics cover ___________________ expected from and by a professional.

A

personal and corporate standards of behavior

64
Q

Professional codes of ethics provides professionals a clear set of __________ based on ________, society’s _______,_______,_________ and __________

A

obligations
tradition
expectations, contracts, laws, and rules of ordinary morality

65
Q

T or F: Professional Codes of Ethics differ from every profession

A

T

66
Q

provide the action to the code of ethics

A

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

67
Q

serve to apply the codes of ethics to particular and relevant situations

A

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

68
Q

list of guidelines or conditions

A

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

69
Q

official documents that clearly define how a professional or a company employee should behave in the workplace on a daily basis.

A

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

70
Q

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT build?

A

Confidence

71
Q

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT provide greater?

A

transparency and certainty

72
Q

provide a common understanding of acceptable practice

A

PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT

73
Q

Professionals are required to have?

A
  • an ethical commitment
  • a personal resolve to act ethically
  • ethical awareness
  • ethical competency
74
Q

Knowing what is right or wrong

A

ethical awareness

75
Q

Ability to engage in sound moral reasoning and consider carefully the implications of alternative actions

A

ethical competency

76
Q

What are the principles of the professional conduct?

A

Service to others
Integrity and Objectivity
Professional Competence
Solidarity and Teamwork
Social and Civic Responsibility
Global Competitiveness
Equality for all Professionals

77
Q

What is EO 220?

A

DIRECTING THE ADOPTION OF THE CODE OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE FOR THE PROFESSIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

78
Q

EO 220 is also pursuant to?

A

Section 14 of the Constitution,
Section 5 and 7a of RA 8981 (PRC Modernization Act of 2000)

79
Q

The adoption of the ______________ will promote and establish _________ and __________ among Filipino professionals to make them _______ to their public liability and fully _______________ to their clients

A

Code of Good Governance
ethical awareness and competency
accountable
fulfill their professional obligation

80
Q

The Code will empower professionals not only to ______________________ but also to ___________________ in their respective professions, thereby assuring the high quality and globally-competitive professional services, and secure the safety and protection of the public.

A

upgrade or improve their technical and ethical proficiency

keep them abreast with modern trends and technology

81
Q

In EO 220, who is directed to undertake measures, including networking with government agencies and civil society, to effectively implement and enforce the Code through the Professional Regulatory Boards (PRBs) under the Commission’s supervision and control?

A

The Governance Advisory Council and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)

82
Q

How many section in EO 220?

A

5

83
Q

When was EO 220 signed?

A

March 23, 2003

84
Q

Branch of moral science concerned with the obligations of a professional owes to the public. his profession and clients

A

Professional Ethics

85
Q

Professional Ethics involves?

A

Ethical Commitment
Ethical Awareness
Ethical Competency

86
Q

describes the expected ethical obligations and principles that patients, the profession and the public believe.

A

Code of Ethics

87
Q

guides the professional and personal conduct of all medical technologists who must adhere not only to the guidelines, but also to the underlying spirit and precepts

A

The Code of Ethics

88
Q

Main objectives of the Professional Code of Ethics?

A
  1. Define professional privileges, behaviors and responsibilities towards the members of the community in general
  2. Promote professional quality, conduct and moral method of procedures
  3. Defend private professions from undue interference by government or other agencies
  4. Preserve dignity of professional and confidence to public
  5. Defend clients from unscrupulous individuals
  6. Fix certain standards of compensation for services or work
89
Q

Ethical issuers in the analytical phase include?

A

Right to decline specimen examined
Best possible analytical result to patient
No discrimination in examination of patient samples on the basis of gender, age or race

90
Q

ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE PRE-ANALYTICAL PHASE include?

A
  • requests for laboratory tests
  • no financial interest involved
  • proper identification of the patient with respect to the test/s requested
  • proper collection, labelling, handling of samples, performance of tests
91
Q

3 basic principles involved in the pre-analytical phase

A
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
92
Q

ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE ANALYTICAL PHASE include?

A
  • confidentiality, quality, competency
  • maintain ethical standards
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficience
  • Justice
93
Q

ETHICAL ISSUES DURING THE POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE include?

A
  • reporting and interpretation of test results
  • storage of residual samples
  • access to laboratory data
  • maintain ethical standards
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficience
  • Justice
94
Q

Necessary to incorporate principles and guidelines of _______ and ________ in laboratory medicine

A

bioethics and professional ethics

95
Q

Ethics in laboratory medicine aim to uphold the ____ and ______ of the profession

A

reputation and dignity

2nd Year 2nd Term (38 decks)

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