MT6312 LEC MCH AND NUTRITION Flashcards
Family Health Program consists of?
Prevention and Control of Non- communicable Diseases (NDCs)
Prevention and control of Communicable disease
Environmental Health and Sanitation
Other priority health
programs
works with local public health departments, community based organizations, statewide organizations and other providers to provide and/or assure quality health services are delivered to mothers, children, and families in the country.
WHO Philippines MCH Program
The primary areas of work focus for WHO MCH are?
- Increasing healthy birth outcomes;
- Promoting and assuring comprehensive primary care
for children, from birth to 21 year olds, including children with special health care needs; - Promoting healthy lifestyles among school-age youth, ages 6-21, including children with special health care
needs; - Promoting access to safe, healthy child care, including children with special health care needs; and
*Caring for the mother from pre-conception
Main cause of Maternal Mortality?
Complications related to pregnancy occurring in the course of labor, deliver, puerperium
Objective of MCH
To improve the survival, health and wel being of mothers and unborn child.
MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES include?
Antenatal Registration
Tetanus Toxoid Immunization
Micronutrient Supplementation
Treatment of diseases and other conditions
Which MCH Service: pregnant women can avail the free prenatal services at their respective health center.
Antenatal Registration
Which MCH Service: Vitamin A and Iron supplement for the prevention of anemia and Vit. A deficiency.
Micronutrient Supplementation
How many doses of tetanus toxoid vaccination should the pregnant woman take how long before delivery and after childbirth?
2 doses 1 month before
3 boosters after
What period of pregnancy should the first visit be?
As early as possible
before 4 months or during 1st trimester
When should the 2nd visit for pregnancy check up be?
During the second trimester
When should the 3rd visit for pregnancy check up be?
During the third trimester
How often should the pregnancy check up visits be 8 months until conception?
every 2 weeks
What kind of Tetanus toxoid should be given as early as possible during pregnancy?
TT1
What kind of Tetanus toxoid should be given at least 4 weeks after pregnancy?
TT2
What kind of Tetanus toxoid should be given at least 6 months after pregnancy?
TT3
What kind of Tetanus toxoid should be given at least 1year after pregnancy?
TT4 AND TT5
Which TT vaccine: Gives lifelong protection
TT5
Which TT vaccine: Gives 10yrs protection
TT4
Which TT vaccine: Gives 5 yrs protection
TT3
Which TT vaccine: Gives 3yrs protection
TT2
Family planning is anchored on what basic principles?
Responsible Parenthood
Responsible Parenting
Respect for Life.
Birth Spacing
Informed Choice
What means that each family has the right and duty to determine the desired number of children they might have and when they might have them?
Responsible parenthood
What is referred to as the proper upbringing and education of children?
Responsible parenting
What states that the government protects the sanctity of life?
1987 Constitution
T or F: Abortion is permissible in family planning
F
Referred to as the interval between pregnancies
Birth spacing
Birth spacing allows women to?
recover their health improves potential to be more productive and to realize their personal aspirations allows more time to care for children and spouse/husband
Upholding and ensuring the rights of couples to determine the number and spacing of their children
according to their life’s aspirations and reminding couples that planning size of their families have a direct bearing on the quality of their childrens’ and their own lives
Informed Choice
In 2003, there are about ____ Filipinos to grow annually at ____ and expected to double in ____ years
84 million
2.36 percent
29 years.
The total fertility rate is at ___children/ women
3.5
___ of women got pregnant with their first child at the age of ___
44%
20-24.
T or F: More married women do not use contraceptive
T
Family Planning Program goal?
provide universal access to family planning information and services wherever and whenever
aims to contribute to Reduce neonatal, infant, under-five and maternal deaths.
Objectives of Family Planning Program?
help couples and individuals achieve their desired family size within the context of responsible parenthood and to improve their reproductive health to attain sustainable growth.
Ensure that quality FP services are available in DOH retained hospitals, LGU managed health facilities and private sector.
Artificial FP types
Condoms
Oral Contraceptive Pills
Injectables
Intrauterine Device
Natural types of Family Planning
- Standard Days Method
- Lactational
Amennorhea Method - Basal Body Temperature
- Billings Ovulation/Cervical Mucus Method
Permanent FP types
Vasectomy
Bilateral Tubal Ligation
Who are the constituents of the vulnerable age group for common childhood diseases?
Newborns, infants and children
Child health programs services/facilities include?
- Newborn Screening (NBS)
- Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- Management of Childhood Illnesses
- Micronutrient Supplementation
- Dental Health
- Early Child Development
- Child Health Injuries
Goal of the Child health programs is to?
Reduce morbidity and mortality rates for children 0 - 9 years with the strategies necessary for program
Good nutrition in the early months/years of life plays a very significant role, affecting not only the health and survival of infants and children but also their?
intellectual and
social development, resulting in life-long impact on school performance and overall productivity.
What is an important factor
that can prevent infant and childhood morbidity and mortality?
Breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding
____,____,____ and _____ complementary feeding wil prevent childhood malnutrition.
Timely, adequate, safe and proper
Importance of breast feeding?
Exclusive breast feeding is giving only breast milk to infants.
This is recommended up to 6 months
Benefits of breastfeeding to the infant?
- Complete food
- Strengthen immune
system = preventing infections - Increases IQ points
Benefits of breastfeeding to the mother?
- Reduces excessive
blood loss after birth - Natural method of
delaying pregnancies * Reduces the risk of
ovarian and breast cancers
What are the laws that protect infant
and young child feeding?
Milk code (EO 51)
Rooming-In Breastfeeding Act of 1992 (RA 7600)
Food Fortification Law (RA 8976)
Products covered by milk code consist of?
breast milk substitute
Food fortification law is vital in the _______ and to compensate for the _________.
promotion of optimal health
loss of nutrients during processing and storage of food
The law (RA8976) requires a mandatory food fortification of?
staple foods - rice, flour, edible oil, and sugar and voluntary food fortification of processed food and food products.
(Vitamin A, Iron, lodine)
“the addition of one or more essential nutrients to food, whether or not it is normally contained in the food, for the purpose of preventing or correcting a demonstrated deficiency of one or more nutrients in the population or specific population groups”
Fortification
RA 9288 Title is?
Newborn screening act of 2004
Newborn screening is ideally done on the ______ of life. However, it may also be done after _____ from
birth.
48th - 72nd hour
24 hours
DISORDERS TESTED FOR NEWBORN SCREENING are?
- CH (Congenital Hypothyroidism)
- CAH (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) * GAL (Galactosemia)
- PKU (Phenylketonuria)
- G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase)
What Newborn disorder: results from lack or absence of thyroid hormone
which is essential for the physical and mental development of a child.
CH
What newborn disorder: endocrine disorder that causes severe salt loss, dehydration and abnormally high levels of male sex hormones in both boys and girls. If not detected and treated early, babies with may die within 7-14 days.
CAH
What newborn disease: condition in which babies are unable to process galactose, the sugar present in milk.
GAL
Accumulation of excessive galactose in the body can cause many problems, including?
liver damage, brain damage and cataracts.
PKU is when there is an excessive accumulation of ____ in the ____
Phenylalanine
Brain
Babies with G6PD may have ______ resulting from exposure to ________ found in drugs, foods, chemicals
Hemolytic anemia
Oxidative substances
Effect of CH if not screened
Severe mental retardation
Effect of CAH if not screened
Death
Effect of GAL if not screened
Death, cataracts
Effect of PKU if not screened
Severe mental retardation
Effect of G6PD Deficiency if not screened
Severe anemia, Kernicterus
The EPI was launched on _____ by the ____ in cooperation with ____ and _____
July 1976
DOH
WHO and UNICEF.
Objective of EPI
to reduce the
morbidity and mortality among infants and
children caused by the seven childhood diseases.
Every ______ is designated as immunization day in al parts of the country.
Wednesday
A fully immunized child has which doses?
receives one dose of BCG, 3 doses of OPV, DPT, HB and one dose measles vaccine before the child’s 1st year
Mandatory Immunization
Infants and Children Health Act of
2011
Republic Act No. 10152
RA 10152 signed by who and when?
President Benigno Aquino Il on July 26, 2010.
RA 10152 requires the immunization of?
Children under 5
Four major strategies of EPI
- Sustaining high routine FIC coverage of at least 90%
- Sustaining polio free country for global certification
- Eliminating measles by 2008
- Eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008
is the process by
which vaccines are introduced into the body before injection sets in.
Immunization
Live vaccines like BCG must not be given to who?
individuals who are
immunosuppressed due to malignant disease, therapy with immunosuppressive agents or irradiation.
___ and ____ are contraindicated to a child who has had convulsion or shock within 3 days the previous dose.
DPT2 and DPT3
Repeat BCG vaccination if the child ________.
does not develop a scar after the first injection.
How many doses for BCG vaccine?
1
BCG protect the infant from?
possibility of BT meningitis & other TB infections
DPT reason for inoculation?
Reduces the chance of pertussis
What vaccine gives protection from Polio?
OPV
What vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier of this disease?
Hepa B
Which vaccines are sensitive to heat?
Oral Polio (live attenuated)
Measles (Freeze dried)
Storage temperature of Oral polio and measles vaccine?
-15 to -25C in freezer
Least sensitive to heat (vaccines)?
DPT/Hep B
Hepatitis B BCG (freeze dried)
Tetanus Toxoid
Storage temperature for DPT/HepB, HepB. BCG, Tetanus vaccines?
+2 to +8C in the refrigerator
Route of entry of OPV vaccine?
Oral
Route of entry of Measles vaccine?
Subcutaneous
Where is TTD administered?
Deltoid
Where is BCG administered?
Right deltoid
______ continues to be a public health
concerns in
the country.
Malnutrition
The common nutritional deficiencies are?
Vitamin A, Iron and lodine.
Goal of nutritional programs?
improve quality of life of Filipinos
through better nutrition, improved health and increased productivity.
Programs and projects for nutrition programs include?
Micronutrient
supplementation, food fortification, nutrition information, communication and education, home, school and community food production
and food assistance.
Dental Health Objectives include?
- The prevalence of dental caries is reduced
- The prevalence of periodontal disease is reduced
- Dental caries experience is reduced
- The proportion of Orally Fit Children (OFC) 12-71 months is increased
NUTRITION ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 491(1974)
“NATIONAL CODE OF MARKETING OF BREASTMILK SUBSTITUTES, BREASTMILK SUPPLEMENTS AND OTHER RELATED PRODUCTS”.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 51 (1986)
“CONSUMER ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES”
REPUBLIC ACT 7394 (1992)
“ACT FOR SALT IODIZATION NATIONWIDE (ASIN LAW)
REPUBLIC ACT 8172 (1995)
The National Food Fortification Day is observed _______, pursuant to _____
annually on November 7
Executive Order 382
The key agencies in the program of food fortification?
DOH
National Nutrition Council
DTI
DOST
Landbank of the PH and Livelihood Corportation
“FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ACT”
REPUBLIC ACT 9711 (2008)
“EXPANDED BREASTFEEDING PROMOTION ACT”
REPUBLIC ACT 10028 (2009)
“FOOD SAFETY ACT”
REPUBLIC ACT 10611 (2013)
yearly campaign in the Philippines aimed at the importance of safe and clean food.
Food Safety Awareness Week
Every when does Food Safety Awareness Week fall on?
October
When was Food Safety Awareness Week proclaimed, where and by whom?
proclaimed on August 1999 by virtue of Proclamation No. 160, signed by President Joseph Estrada.
assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.
Food safety
group of illness caused by any infectious (bacteria, viruses and parasites) and non-infectious agents (chemical, animal and plant toxins).
Food and Water-borne Diseases
“NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LAW OF 2016”
REPUBLIC ACT 10862 (2015)
“KALUSUGAN AT NUTRISYON NG MAG- NANAY ACT”
REPUBLIC ACT 11148 (2018)
Children with poor nutrition are?
- forever, stunted
- susceptible to sickness
- more likely to become overweight when they enter adulthood.
- and more prone to non-communicable disease.
- About one third of under-five mortality is attributable to under-nutrition.
Stunting and other forms of under-nutrition are clearly a major contributing factor to?
to child mortality, disease and disability.
Under-nutrition can cause various diseases such as?
blindness due to vitamin A deficiency and neural tube
defects due to folic acid deficiency
From a life-cycle perspective, the most crucial time to meet a child’s nutritional requirements is in how many days?
1000, including the period of pregnancy and ending with the child’s second birthday.
captures early chronic exposure to under-nutrition;
Stunting
captures acute under-nutrition;
Wasting
composite indicator that includes elements of stunting and wasting
Underweight
Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) is the measure of?
- The circumference of the child’s upper arm half way between their shoulder and elbow
MUAC provides indications of?
acute malnutrition independent of the child’s age.
MUAC of severely malnourished
less than 11.5cm
Moderately malnourished MUAC
11.5-12.5cm
MUAC values are appropriate for children of what age?
6mos - 60mos
When assessing weight-for-height, infants and children under 24 months of age should have their lengths measured ______
lying down
chronic under-nutrition during the most critical periods of growth and development in early life.
Stunting
Stunting is defined as the percentage of children aged_____ whose height for age is _________ from the median of the WHO Child Growth Standards.
0 to 59 months
below minus two standard
deviations (moderate and severe stunting) and minus three
standard deviations (severe stunting)
composite form of under-nutrition that
includes elements of stunting and wasting.
Underweight
____ reflects acute under-nutrition.
Wasting
Indicator Measure Cut-off?
Severe wasting Weight-for-height <3 SD
Severe wasting MUAC <15 mm
Bilateral oedema Clinical sign (may not be considered)
Low birth weight is defined as a weight of?
less than 2,500 grams at birth.
In tackling child under-nutrition, there has been a shift from efforts to _______ to _______
Reduce underweight prevalence to prevention of stunting
WHO Assembly adopted a new target for stunted children under 5 of reducing their prevalence by ____ by the year _____
40% by 2025
____ and _____ are home to three fourths of the world’s stunted children.
Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
_____ accounts for one third of the global burden.
India
was created as the country’s policy- making and coordinating body on nutrition.
National Nutrition Council
National Nutrition Council was reorganized in what legislations?
Executive Order No. 234 s. 1987 and Administrative order No. 88 s. 1988
The month of _____ was designated as NUTRITION MONTH under Section ___ to create greater awareness among people on the importance of nutrition.
July
7
Consumer rights include?
- Right to basic needs
- Right to safety
- Right to information
- Right to choice
- Right to representation
- Right to redress
- Right to consumer education
- Right to a healthy environment
Legislation that seeks to impose a PhP10. 00 excise tax per liter of volume capacity on SSBs containing purely locally produced sugar and PhP20.
TRAIN LAW AND TAX ON SUGAR (HB 56368)
Excise tax on sweetened beverages (SBs) is one of the new taxes imposed under Republic Act (RA) _____ or __________ Law which took effect last Jan. 1. The _____ along with _______ support this as part of a comprehensive health measure to curb the consumption of SBs and address the worsening number of diabetes and obesity cases in the country, while arising revenue for complementary health programs that address these problems.
10963
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law
Department of Finance (DOF)
Department of Health (DOH)
beverages that contain high level of certain sugars that are viewed to provide unnecessary or empty calories with little or no nutrition.
Sweetened Beverages
Legislation that aims to provide guidance to nutrition stakeholders at the national and local levels, including government agencies, development partners, non-government organizations and civil society, academe, and other partner organizations and institutions on the conduct of high-impact activities and strategies. Consistent with a results-oriented approach, the plan also includes a monitoring and evaluation framework to support implementation.
The Strategic Plan of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) Research Agenda 2022-2028
Pinggang Pinoy, who made it?
FNRI-DOST
PINGGANG PINOY uses a ______ model to show the recommended proportion of each food group in each meal for the various population and physiological groups, one of which is for the elderly.
food plate
What are the proportions in the food plate model?
1/2 - fruits and veg
1/6 rice or bread
1/3 - body-building foods (fish, eggs, lean meat)
