Movement Flashcards

1
Q

cursorial

A

running

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2
Q

fossorial

A

digging

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3
Q

saltatorial

A

hopping

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4
Q

arboreal

A

climbing

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5
Q

what kind of cursorial foot posture do dogs have

A

digitigrade

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6
Q

different forelimb conformations dogs

A

normal
feet out-turned
elbows out-turned

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7
Q

different hindlimb conformations dogs

A

normal
cow-hocked
barrel-legged

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8
Q

normal feet dogs

A

rounded or cat foot

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9
Q

hare foot dogs

A

-elongated middle digit
-burst of energy breeds

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10
Q

flat foot or down pastern dogs

A

-foot type gets penalized in shows
-doesn’t support weight of dog

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11
Q

splayed foot dogs

A

spread out toes and wide foot

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12
Q

how do cats walk with their nails

A

cats except cheetahs walk with claws retracted

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13
Q

what is cat and dog foot fall considered

A

-cat is considered circular
-dog is considered ovoid

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14
Q

lobes on cats and dogs paws

A

-cats have 3 on hind paws and 2 on the forepaws
-dogs have two lobes on the hind paws and one on the forepaw

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15
Q

size difference in front and back paws in cats

A

front is 1.5x larger

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16
Q

size difference in front and back paws in dogs

A

front is 1.3x bigger

17
Q

what is a foot fall cycle

A

each foot has moved once

18
Q

gait meaning

A

pattern of legs movements repetitively moving

19
Q

what do dogs do when they walk

A

they recover 70% of kinetic energy as they walk

20
Q

factors affecting foot fall and gait

A

-center of gravity (affects smoothness)
-angulation (affects thrust and weight bearing)
-spine (affects projection forward)`

21
Q

centre of gravity for dogs

A

-imaginary line ob body where all forces are equal
-legs move more to the center as speed increases
-when paws lift center of gravity shifts
-walking=supported by 3 points on the ground
-less support at higher gait/speed

22
Q

broad stanced dogs

A

-prevents dog from being overturned
-BC dogs are limited in chest expansion for deep breathing
-can rotate ribs 90, and already spread far for cant expand causing breathing issues
-very loose joints (to roll around as tossed and shook)

23
Q

front legs purpose

A

-shock absorbers
-loosely attached by muscles
-trapezius, rhomoideus, serratus vantralis

24
Q

back leg purpose

A

-strongly attached muscles by tendons
-muscles for movement

25
greyhounds and corners
-they dont slow down for corners -can support 65% increase on limbs -propulsion from hinf -weight mostly on front
26
angulation
-front leg angulation increases with shorter legs -legginess ratio -affects weight bearing
27
for speed what is the optimum dog leg length below chest
~ 1.3 times the depth of the chest
28
why can cat and dogs spines bend easily
-bends at the anticlinal vertebra -ligaments are more flxable -shorter thoracic vertabrae process -can bend at horizontal and verticle plane
29
why do dog gaits vary
due to the build of dog
30
symmetric gaits
-movement of limbs repeated on one side to the other -walk -amble -trot -pace
31
asymmetric gaits
-canter -gallop
32
walking gait
-LF, RH, RF, LH -symmetrical gait with nearly eqite equal time between footfalls -least tiring and most efficent -3 feet on the ground
33
pace
-legs on the same side move together -slow gait for long-legged dogs -typical "walking" or slow gait of cats
34
trot
-diagonal paws move in more cadence -symmetrical -more efficient than pace -some dogs have different stride lengths, different uses of pastern joint -head high is less efficient -depend on body and leg length -golden retrievers are good trotters
35
rotary gallop
-greyhounds and lighter dogs use this gait to travel at high speeds -foot stalls in circular sequence -paws off ground at 2 times in one cycle= double suspended gallop -fastest gait
36
diagonal gallop
-found in horses -used by heavy dogs -LH, RH, LF, RF
37
pasturn positions during a gallop
-one is bent at 90 degrees -the other is straight -important shock absorber
38
creep
-cats crouch to stock prey -footfall patterns change -energy-costly gait for hunting -no KE recovered -tightness in body
39
jumping
-cats are very skilled -can jump 5x length of body -can jump from still movent -strong hind legs -usually use both hind legs