Movement

Question 1

cursorial

Answer 1

running

Question 2

fossorial

Answer 2

digging

Question 3

saltatorial

Answer 3

hopping

Question 4

arboreal

Answer 4

climbing

Question 5

what kind of cursorial foot posture do dogs have

Answer 5

digitigrade

Question 6

different forelimb conformations dogs

Answer 6

normal
feet out-turned
elbows out-turned

Question 7

different hindlimb conformations dogs

Answer 7

normal
cow-hocked
barrel-legged

Question 8

normal feet dogs

Answer 8

rounded or cat foot

Question 9

hare foot dogs

Answer 9

-elongated middle digit
-burst of energy breeds

Question 10

flat foot or down pastern dogs

Answer 10

-foot type gets penalized in shows
-doesn’t support weight of dog

Question 11

splayed foot dogs

Answer 11

spread out toes and wide foot

Question 12

how do cats walk with their nails

Answer 12

cats except cheetahs walk with claws retracted

Question 13

what is cat and dog foot fall considered

Answer 13

-cat is considered circular
-dog is considered ovoid

Question 14

lobes on cats and dogs paws

Answer 14

-cats have 3 on hind paws and 2 on the forepaws
-dogs have two lobes on the hind paws and one on the forepaw

Question 15

size difference in front and back paws in cats

Answer 15

front is 1.5x larger

Question 16

size difference in front and back paws in dogs

Answer 16

front is 1.3x bigger

Question 17

what is a foot fall cycle

Answer 17

each foot has moved once

Question 18

gait meaning

Answer 18

pattern of legs movements repetitively moving

Question 19

what do dogs do when they walk

Answer 19

they recover 70% of kinetic energy as they walk

Question 20

factors affecting foot fall and gait

Answer 20

-center of gravity (affects smoothness)
-angulation (affects thrust and weight bearing)
-spine (affects projection forward)`

Question 21

centre of gravity for dogs

Answer 21

-imaginary line ob body where all forces are equal
-legs move more to the center as speed increases
-when paws lift center of gravity shifts
-walking=supported by 3 points on the ground
-less support at higher gait/speed

Question 22

broad stanced dogs

Answer 22

-prevents dog from being overturned
-BC dogs are limited in chest expansion for deep breathing
-can rotate ribs 90, and already spread far for cant expand causing breathing issues
-very loose joints (to roll around as tossed and shook)

Question 23

front legs purpose

Answer 23

-shock absorbers
-loosely attached by muscles
-trapezius, rhomoideus, serratus vantralis

Question 24

back leg purpose

Answer 24

-strongly attached muscles by tendons
-muscles for movement

Question 25

greyhounds and corners

Answer 25

-they dont slow down for corners
-can support 65% increase on limbs
-propulsion from hinf
-weight mostly on front

Question 26

angulation

Answer 26

-front leg angulation increases with shorter legs
-legginess ratio
-affects weight bearing

Question 27

for speed what is the optimum dog leg length below chest

Answer 27

~ 1.3 times the depth of the chest

Question 28

why can cat and dogs spines bend easily

Answer 28

-bends at the anticlinal vertebra
-ligaments are more flxable
-shorter thoracic vertabrae process
-can bend at horizontal and verticle plane

Question 29

why do dog gaits vary

Answer 29

due to the build of dog

Question 30

symmetric gaits

Answer 30

-movement of limbs repeated on one side to the other
-walk
-amble
-trot
-pace

Question 31

asymmetric gaits

Answer 31

-canter
-gallop

Question 32

walking gait

Answer 32

-LF, RH, RF, LH
-symmetrical gait with nearly eqite equal time between footfalls
-least tiring and most efficent
-3 feet on the ground

Question 33

pace

Answer 33

-legs on the same side move together
-slow gait for long-legged dogs
-typical “walking” or slow gait of cats

Question 34

trot

Answer 34

-diagonal paws move in more cadence
-symmetrical
-more efficient than pace
-some dogs have different stride lengths, different uses of pastern joint
-head high is less efficient
-depend on body and leg length
-golden retrievers are good trotters

Question 35

rotary gallop

Answer 35

-greyhounds and lighter dogs use this gait to travel at high speeds
-foot stalls in circular sequence
-paws off ground at 2 times in one cycle= double suspended gallop
-fastest gait

Question 36

diagonal gallop

Answer 36

-found in horses
-used by heavy dogs
-LH, RH, LF, RF

Question 37

pasturn positions during a gallop

Answer 37

-one is bent at 90 degrees
-the other is straight
-important shock absorber

Question 38

creep

Answer 38

-cats crouch to stock prey
-footfall patterns change
-energy-costly gait for hunting
-no KE recovered
-tightness in body

Question 39

jumping

Answer 39

-cats are very skilled
-can jump 5x length of body
-can jump from still movent
-strong hind legs
-usually use both hind legs