Movement Flashcards
cursorial
running
fossorial
digging
saltatorial
hopping
arboreal
climbing
what kind of cursorial foot posture do dogs have
digitigrade
different forelimb conformations dogs
normal
feet out-turned
elbows out-turned
different hindlimb conformations dogs
normal
cow-hocked
barrel-legged
normal feet dogs
rounded or cat foot
hare foot dogs
-elongated middle digit
-burst of energy breeds
flat foot or down pastern dogs
-foot type gets penalized in shows
-doesn’t support weight of dog
splayed foot dogs
spread out toes and wide foot
how do cats walk with their nails
cats except cheetahs walk with claws retracted
what is cat and dog foot fall considered
-cat is considered circular
-dog is considered ovoid
lobes on cats and dogs paws
-cats have 3 on hind paws and 2 on the forepaws
-dogs have two lobes on the hind paws and one on the forepaw
size difference in front and back paws in cats
front is 1.5x larger
size difference in front and back paws in dogs
front is 1.3x bigger
what is a foot fall cycle
each foot has moved once
gait meaning
pattern of legs movements repetitively moving
what do dogs do when they walk
they recover 70% of kinetic energy as they walk
factors affecting foot fall and gait
-center of gravity (affects smoothness)
-angulation (affects thrust and weight bearing)
-spine (affects projection forward)`
centre of gravity for dogs
-imaginary line ob body where all forces are equal
-legs move more to the center as speed increases
-when paws lift center of gravity shifts
-walking=supported by 3 points on the ground
-less support at higher gait/speed
broad stanced dogs
-prevents dog from being overturned
-BC dogs are limited in chest expansion for deep breathing
-can rotate ribs 90, and already spread far for cant expand causing breathing issues
-very loose joints (to roll around as tossed and shook)
front legs purpose
-shock absorbers
-loosely attached by muscles
-trapezius, rhomoideus, serratus vantralis
back leg purpose
-strongly attached muscles by tendons
-muscles for movement
greyhounds and corners
-they dont slow down for corners
-can support 65% increase on limbs
-propulsion from hinf
-weight mostly on front
angulation
-front leg angulation increases with shorter legs
-legginess ratio
-affects weight bearing
for speed what is the optimum dog leg length below chest
~ 1.3 times the depth of the chest
why can cat and dogs spines bend easily
-bends at the anticlinal vertebra
-ligaments are more flxable
-shorter thoracic vertabrae process
-can bend at horizontal and verticle plane
why do dog gaits vary
due to the build of dog
symmetric gaits
-movement of limbs repeated on one side to the other
-walk
-amble
-trot
-pace
asymmetric gaits
-canter
-gallop
walking gait
-LF, RH, RF, LH
-symmetrical gait with nearly eqite equal time between footfalls
-least tiring and most efficent
-3 feet on the ground
pace
-legs on the same side move together
-slow gait for long-legged dogs
-typical “walking” or slow gait of cats
trot
-diagonal paws move in more cadence
-symmetrical
-more efficient than pace
-some dogs have different stride lengths, different uses of pastern joint
-head high is less efficient
-depend on body and leg length
-golden retrievers are good trotters
rotary gallop
-greyhounds and lighter dogs use this gait to travel at high speeds
-foot stalls in circular sequence
-paws off ground at 2 times in one cycle= double suspended gallop
-fastest gait
diagonal gallop
-found in horses
-used by heavy dogs
-LH, RH, LF, RF
pasturn positions during a gallop
-one is bent at 90 degrees
-the other is straight
-important shock absorber
creep
-cats crouch to stock prey
-footfall patterns change
-energy-costly gait for hunting
-no KE recovered
-tightness in body
jumping
-cats are very skilled
-can jump 5x length of body
-can jump from still movent
-strong hind legs
-usually use both hind legs
