Feeding the growing and senior dog and cat Flashcards
nutrient requirement standards books
-currently are two widely used set of published standards on nutrient requirements of cats and dogs
-these are developed based on current literature and consensus form a group of scientists and industry experts
nutritional “idiosyncerasies” of the cat “practical importance”
-high protein requirements (strict carnivores)
-taurine requirements (cant produce)
-arachidonic acid requirements (cant desaturate)
-preformed Vit A requirement needs to be in active form)
nutritional “idiosyncerasies” of the cat “academic intrests”
-unique energy and glucose met
-sensitive to arginine deficency
-inability to convert tryptophan to niacin
maintenance energy requirement
-the energy to support energy equilibrium
-ME intake=heat production
-includes energy required for thermoregulation, spontaneous activity and moderate exercise
what is required energy intake related to
-metabolic body size
-dogs of varying breeds as sizes are not geometrically simular
-breeds of simular size and weight can vary in energy requirements (especially dogs)
-adipose tissue is less active than lean mass
factors affecting energy expenditure (component, factor)
-BMR: gender, repro and hormonal status, age, body composition, surface area
-voluntary muscular activity: weight-bearing activity, duration, intensity, size and weight of the animal
-meal induced thermogenesis: caloric and nutritional composition of the meal
-adaptive thermogenesis: ambient temperature, alterations in food intake, stress
calculation of energy requirements of adult dog maintenance for inactive dogs
ME requirement= 95 x BW(kg)^0.75
calculation of energy requirements of adult dog maintenance for active adult dogs
ME requirement=130 x BW(kg)^0.75
calculation of energy requirements for lean adult cats
ME requirments = 100x BW (kg)^0.67
calculation of energy requirements for overweight cats
ME requirement=130 x BW (kg) ^0.40
large and giant breed nutrition
-genetic selection for dog size also selected for ability of high growth rate
-growing rapidly can lead to health issues
-energy intake impacts growth rate
-Ca is also important
-active Ca absorbtion mechanisms are not developed in pups untill 6mo, unable to down-regulate properly
-therefore passive absorption is important
-Ca absorption proportional to the amount in diet
-pups especially large breeds are suseptable to excess Ca
-negatively affects skeletal development
-protein and vit D also important
nutrient requirements during growth for cats and dogs
-energy:
-higher than any other stage, except lactation
-protein:
-required for maintenance plus new tissue
-pet foods for growth should contain higher protein levels than those for maintenance
-should be high quality and highly digestible
-important to be balanced to energy content of the diet
-Ca and P
-need a good ratio
-need to be optimal, not excessive
-according to AAFCO 1% Ca, 0.8% P(dry matter basis, 3500-4000kcal ME/KG)
feeding management and being over weight
-avoid over weight
-if obesity develops in a young animal the number of fat cells increase as well as the size (hyperplastia)
-feed for moderate growth rate
-monitor body condition
cats and weight feeding management
-if adequate exercise is provided most growing cats can self regulate their energy intake when fed free choice and will not over eat
-in general accelerated growth rate are not common in cats
do not feed __ ___, feed to ___ ___ ____
in access, ideal body weight
