Motivation Theories

Question 1

Behavioral Reinforcement Theory / Operant Conditioning

Answer 1

• B.F Skinner
• Leader rewards behavior they would like to see repeated
• Leader ignores or punishes behavior they would like to see end
• Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction

Question 2

Motivation- Hygiene Theory

Answer 2

• Frederick Herzberg
• Employees have extrinsic (hygiene) and intrinsic (motivation) needs that need to be fulfilled
• Extrinsic refers to the job environment
• Intrinsic refers to the opportunity for personal growth, development or achievement

Question 3

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 3

• Abraham Maslow

- Five basic human needs: self-actualization, esteem, belonging & love, safety & security, physiological

Question 4

Acquired Needs Theory

Answer 4

• David McClelland
• All people fit into one of three categories or have three main drivers:
  
  • Need for affiliation: belonging; collaboration more
    than competition
  • Need for achievement: takes calculated risk in goal
    attainment; needs regular feedback
  • Need for power: likes competition; likes status

Question 5

Expectancy Theory

Answer 5

• Victor Vroom
• The belief that hard work pays off in terms of better performance and increased rewards (compensation and other perks that are of value to that particular employee)
• Expectancy (effort)
• Instrumentality (performance)
• Valence (rewards)