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1
Q

explain why fetal haemoglobin has curve to left

A
  • higher affinity for oxygen
  • load oxygen at lower partial pressure oxygen
  • placenta has low partial pressure
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2
Q

lack of NAD

A

lack of NAD

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3
Q

what forms a photosystem ?

A

pigments

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4
Q

what do accessory pigments do

A

absorb light and pass energy to reaction centers

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5
Q

what are the holes called on insect body

A

spiracle

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6
Q

define limiting factor

A

factor which determines rate when in short supply

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7
Q

briefly describe collagen

A
  • 3 polypeptide chains
  • chains twist
  • h bonds between chains
  • cross links formed
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8
Q

difference between cyclic and non cyclic photophos

A

cyclic only produces ATP, non also produces NADPH and oxygen

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9
Q

where does chemiosmosis occur in photo synth ?

A

in the ETC,

protons move into thylakoid from stroma

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10
Q

what do primary pigments do ?

A

pass electrons to ETC

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11
Q

where is cardiovascular center ?

A

medulla oblongata

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12
Q

what causes type 1 diabetes ?

A

beta cells not functioning so unable to produce insulin

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13
Q

TB infective agent

A

myco bacteria

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14
Q

define biodiversity

A

abundance of species and variety of alleles

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15
Q

define phylogeny and how is it related to classification

A
  • evolutionary relationship between groups of organisms
  • basis of classification
  • shows common ancestors
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16
Q

apart from epistasis, what is a reason for not expected ratio of phenotypes ?

A

linkage - genes on same chromosome - no independent assortment - alleles inherited together

17
Q

why can molecule not cross membrane

A

too large to fit in between phospholipids

18
Q

state concern about GM bacteria

A

resistance to antibiotics

19
Q

how to test if bacteria is transformed

A

Use marker gene
Antibiotic resistance gene for transformed
Test for survival in antibiotic

20
Q

what needs to be done with mRNA strand to make insulin

A

make complementary DNA using reverse transcriptase

21
Q

define immune response

A

immune system cells (lymphocytes) activated in response to antigen

22
Q

EIA

A

EIA

23
Q

DNA replication is …

A

semi conservative

24
Q

state a stationary phase for TLC

A

silica gel

25
Q

what causes change of species due to geographical isolation

A

different selection pressures

26
Q

give two examples of Galapagos species affected

A

iguanas - predatation by cats

tortoise - hunted

27
Q

state two bad things about artificial selection

A

inbreeding

reduction in gene pool