Module 9: Sleep and Dreams

Question 1

sleep

Answer 1

periodic natural loss of consciousness

Question 2

circadian rhythm

Answer 2

biological 24 hour clock

Question 3

lark

Answer 3

morning peak of alertness, tends to be adults

Question 4

owl

Answer 4

evening peak of alertness, tends to be young adults

Question 5

how does light regulate sleep

Answer 5

light detecting cells in eyes send info to suprachiasmatic nucleus which sends info to pineal gland to produce (or not) melatonin

Question 6

melatonin

Answer 6

makes you tired

Question 7

sleep stages

Answer 7

distinctive changes of electrical activity of brain and physiological processes

Question 8

sleep cycles

Answer 8

patterns of shifting through all sleep stages, takes about 90 minutes

Question 9

polysomnography

Answer 9

sleep study, records brain activity, eye movements, breathing

Question 10

beta waves

Answer 10

awake, attentive state; high frequency, low amplitude

Question 11

alpha waves

Answer 11

awake, nonattentive state; lower frequency, higher amplitude

Question 12

NREM 1

Answer 12

stage 1, theta waves (small, irregular), hypnogogic sensations

Question 13

hypnogogic sensations

Answer 13

similar to hallucinations

Question 14

hypnagogic jerk

Answer 14

body mistaking dreaming for falling

Question 15

NREM 2

Answer 15

stage 2, sleep spindles on EEG, about 20 minutes

Question 16

NREM 3

Answer 16

stages 3 and 4, delta waves, deep sleep, physiological processes slow

Question 17

REM sleep

Answer 17

paradoxical sleep - brain and physiological processes active, body not active

Question 18

sleep paralysis

Answer 18

waking up during REM sleep paralyzed due to brainstem preventing body response to brain activity

Question 19

five reasons for sleep

Answer 19

protection, repairs brain and body, strengthens memory, facilitates creative problem solving, growth hormone released

Question 20

sleep deprivation

Answer 20

decreased memory, suppressed immune system, increased risk of depression, obesity, reduced strength

Question 21

insomnia

Answer 21

persistent inability to fall asleep/stay asleep

Question 22

narcolepsy

Answer 22

uncontrollable sleep attacks

Question 23

sleep apnea

Answer 23

repeated awakening after breathing stops

Question 24

night terrors

Answer 24

sudden scared-looking behavior, rapid heartbeat and breathing, occurs in NREM 3

Question 25

sleepwalking and talking

Answer 25

runs in families, mostly affects children, occurs in NREM 3

Question 26

dreams

Answer 26

images, emotions, thoughts during sleep; mostly in REM sleep; usually negative content

Question 27

lucid dreaming

Answer 27

being aware that you are dreaming and can manipulate your dreams

Question 28

Freud theory of dreaming

Answer 28

wish fulfillment; dreams composed of manifest content and latent content

Question 29

manifest content

Answer 29

remembered storyline of dream

Question 30

latent content

Answer 30

underlying meaning of dream

Question 31

three supported reasons for dreaming

Answer 31

process info and consolidate memories; develop/preserve neural pathways by keeping them active; brain making sense of high activity

Question 32

REM rebound

Answer 32

tendency for REP sleep to increase following REM deprivation