Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A.P. Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

memory

A

retention of info over time through process of encoding, storage, and retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

encoding

A

getting info into the memory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

storage

A

maintenance of encoded info over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

retrieval

A

getting info out of storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

visual encoding

A

encoding of images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of visual encoding

A

method of loci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

method of loci

A

associating new things with familiar locations (memory palace)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acoustic encoding

A

encoding of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

semantic encoding

A

encoding of meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious encoding of incidental info (space, time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

effortful processing

A

encoding requires attention and conscious effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rehearsal

A

conscious repetition of info (effortful processing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ebbinghaus and rehearsal

A

more time her rehearsed on day one, less time it took to relearn on day two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

rehearse to store info in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

make connection between new info and what you already know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

spacing effect

A

we remember info better when rehearsal is distributed over period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

levels of processing

A

shallow and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sensory memory

A

initial brief recording of sensory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

two types of sensory memory

A

iconic and echoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

iconic memory

A

brief sensory memory of visual stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what did george sperling’s experiment prove about iconic memory

A

it is very brief, but also very detailed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

echoic memory

A

brief sensory memory of auditory stimuli (3-4 seconds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

short term memory

A

hold a limited amount of items for a brief period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

capacity of STM

A

7 plus or minus 2, for 2-30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chunking

A

organizing items into familiar manageeable units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

interference

A

can hold info in STM unless new info comes in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

long term memory

A

relatively permanent and limitless storage of info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

parts of LTM

A

explicit and implicit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

explicit memory (declarative)

A

memory of facts and experiences

30
Q

types of explicit memory

A

semantic and episodic

31
Q

semantic memory

A

knowledge of facts, word meanings

32
Q

episodic memory

A

knowledge of events and personal experiences

33
Q

hippocampus

A

involved in memory consolidation

34
Q

memory consolidation

A

neural storage of a long term memory

35
Q

amnesia

A

memory loss

36
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to retrieve info from past

37
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories (HM, Jimmie)

38
Q

implicit memory (nondeclarative)

A

retention of learned skills or procedures and classical conditioned associations

39
Q

parts of brain involved with implicit memories

A

cerebellum and basal ganglia (for muscle memory)

40
Q

long term potentiation (LTP)

A

an increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation - neural basis for learning and memory

41
Q

stress and memory

A

stress can cause release of hormones which help make lasting memory

42
Q

flashbulb memories

A

clear memory of an emotionally significant event

43
Q

what brain structure if involved with flashbulb memory

A

amygdala

44
Q

recall

A

reproducing info previously learned

45
Q

serial position effect

A

tendency to recall first and last items in a list best

46
Q

primacy effect

A

best recall for items at beginning of list

47
Q

recency effect

A

best recall for items at end of list

48
Q

recognition memory

A

identify previously learned information

49
Q

testing effect

A

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than just rehearsing or rereading

50
Q

retrieval cues

A

bits of info that can lead us to target info

51
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to perform a planned action of intention at the appropriate time

52
Q

hierarchies

A

how info is connected - serves as retrieval cue

53
Q

context effects

A

remember info better when back in the situation in which you learned it

54
Q

state dependent memory

A

info we learn in a particular physiological or emotional state is best recalled when we are back in that state

55
Q

mood congruent memory

A

recall memories that match current mood

56
Q

atkinson and shiffrin model of memory

A

sensory input - sensory memory - attention - STM - storage - LTM

57
Q

baddeley model of memory

A

working memory - conscious processing of new info and info from LTM

visual info, episodic memory, and auditory info work separately to contribute to integrated info

58
Q

highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM)

A

aility to accurately recall events and personal experiences including days/dates on which they occured

59
Q

eidetic memory

A

ability to maintain exact detailed visual memories over long period of time; more common in children - perhaps associated with language

60
Q

next-in-line effect

A

encoding failure due to other thoughts

61
Q

storage decay

A

ebbinghaus-forgetting curve: forgetting is initially rapid, but it levels off

62
Q

retrieval failure

A

tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: temporary, inability to retrieve info

63
Q

proactive interference

A

old info disrupts recall of new info

64
Q

retroactive interference

A

new info disrupts recall of old info

65
Q

memories are reconstructed each time they are recalled,meaning

A

memories are vulnerable to distrotion

66
Q

reconsolidation

A

store “new” altered memory

67
Q

misinformation effect

A

misleading info becomes incorporated into memory of event

68
Q

experiment with misonformation effect

A

loftus car crash experiment - show two groups same video of car crash, ask one group using word “smash” the other group “hit” - “smash” reported faster speeds

69
Q

source amnesia

A

attributing an event experienced, heard about, or read about to the wrong source

70
Q

false memories - loftus shopping mall experiment

A

asked students “do you remember…” with real experiences and one fake one - they reported remembering the fake experience and created a false memory from the question

71
Q

imagination

A

kids are very susceptible to false memories

A.P. Psychology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions