Module 7: The Cerebral Cortex and our Divided Brain

Question 1

cerebrum

Answer 1

80% of brain, two hemispheres

Question 2

cerebral cortex

Answer 2

gray outer lining that is wrinkled for more surface area

inner white matter myelin axons linking parts of brain

Question 3

glial cells

Answer 3

support neurons and their connections

Question 4

4 lobes of cerebrum

Answer 4

frontal, parietal, occiptal, temporal

Question 5

frontal lobe

Answer 5

behind forehead
involved in planning, judgement, impulse control
contains motor cortex

Question 6

motor cortex

Answer 6

controls voluntary muscle movements

at rear of frontal lobe

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

top and rear of head
controls mathematical and spatial reasoning
contains somatosensory cortex

Question 8

somatosensory cortex

Answer 8

skin senses, warmth, cold, touch, pain

area at front of parietal lobe

Question 9

occipital lobe

Answer 9

contains visual cortex

back of head

Question 10

visual cortex

Answer 10

area in occipital lobe that processes visual info

Question 11

temporal lobe

Answer 11

hearing, language, memory, facial recognition
side of head
contains auditory cortex

Question 12

auditory cortex

Answer 12

area in temporal lobe that processes auditory info

Question 13

association areas

Answer 13

areas of cerebral cortex not involved in primary motor or sensory functions
involved in higher mental functions - learning, memory, thinking, speaking

Question 14

prefrontal cortex

Answer 14

in frontal lobe

enables judgement, planning, process of new memories

Question 15

plasticity

Answer 15

ability for brain to modify itself if damaged

Question 16

neurogenesis

Answer 16

formation of new neurons

Question 17

laterilization

Answer 17

specialization to a hemisphere

Question 18

left hemisphere

Answer 18

language, logic, problem solving

Question 19

right hemisphere

Answer 19

nonverbal imagery, spatial reasoning, emotions

Question 20

corpus callosum

Answer 20

structure that connects the hemispheres and carries messages between them

Question 21

split brain

Answer 21

condition of severed corpus callosum; can describe objects held in right hand but not their left

Question 22

alien hand syndrome

Answer 22

in split brain patients, left hand is not always consciously controlled by the person

Question 23

language in right handed people

Answer 23

nearly all control in left hemisphere

Question 24

language in left handed people

Answer 24

2/3 in left hemisphere

some may have control in both, rare to have control in only left hemisphere

Question 25

process of reading then speaking

Answer 25

thalamus, visual cortex, angular gyrus, wernicke’s area, broca’s area, motor cortex

Question 26

angular gyrus

Answer 26

converts visual info to auditory info

damage causes trouble with metaphors, reading outloud

Question 27

wernicke’s area

Answer 27

interprets auditory code, language comprehension

Question 28

aphasia

Answer 28

language impairment

Question 29

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 29

trouble understanding language, trouble speaking and making sense

Question 30

broca’s area

Answer 30

controls speech muscles via motor cortex

Question 31

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 31

trouble physically producing speech