module 9: lower extremity- worksheet Flashcards
what three joints articulate to form the ankle joint?
tibia
talus
fibula
what bones form the subtalar joint?
talus
calcaneus
**talocalaneal joint*
what type of joint is the ankle and subtalar joint?
synovial (gliding) joints
what are the 3 main ligaments on the lateral side of the ankle?
- anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL)
- calcaneo-fibular ligament (CFL)
- posterior talo-fibular ligament
what muscle travels down the lateral side of the ankle?
proneal muscles
- peroneus longus
- brevis
- tertius
what type of mechanisms causes injury to the proneal muscle and its tendon?
- ankle sprain
- inversion
is an inversion or eversion ankle sprain more common? why?
An inversion sprain is the most common because the deltoid is stronger, hence why eversion
sprains are less common.
what is meant by a high sprain?
A high sprain is when there is damage to the ligaments that hold the tibia
and fibula together (syndemosis)
Describe a medial ankle sprain in terms of mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and acute management
- foot straight
- swelling
- redness
- inability to move
Describe a lateral ankle sprain in terms of mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and acute management
- falling, rolling, stepping on something
- swelling
- bruising
- pain
- restricted ROM
- instability
- tenderness
- RICE
what are the stress tests for ankle injuries?
fracture tests:
- pott’s compression
- percussion/bump
joint stability tests:
- anterior drawer
- talar tilt
- kleiger’s test
special pathology tests:
- thompson test
- syndesmotic sprain
- tap test (tinel’s sign)
- morton’s test
describe the difference between a first, second, and third degree sprain
- first = overstretched.
- Second = partial tear, pain, some instability.
- Third = complete tear, instability. Liagement to bone could be separated.
how do you make the decision to tape an athlete’s ankle?
when the swelling has gone down
describe plantar fasciitis: signs/symptoms, management, and prevention
signs and symptoms:
- heel pain
- stabbing pain bottom of the foot near the heel
- worse with first few steps after awakening or long periods of standing and after exercise
management:
- rest
- stretching
- strengthening
- shoe changes
what are the main bones of the knee?
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula
what are the main joints of the knee?
- patellofemoral
- tibiofibular
- tibiofemoral
what is the function of the popliteus?
- internally rotates the knee
- unlocks knee joint from flexion
what are the palpations of the knee?
- patella
- tibial tuberosity
- medial/lateral epicondyle
- head of fibula
- gerdy’s tubercle
- MCL/LCL
- medial/lateral joint line
- popliteal space
what are some mechanisms of injury for the knee?
- direct trauma
- indirect trauma
- chronic repetitive movements
what are the different ways the meniscus can be torn?
- buckle-handle tear
- flap torn from inner rim
- degenerative type tear
what is the unhappy triad and the mechanism?
ACL/MCL sprain and torn medial meniscus
- flexion, rotation, valgus force
what is the treatment of knee injuries?
- initial assessment
- PRICES
- bracing and surgery
what are chronic injuries to the knee?
- anterior knee pain (patellofemoral)
- chondromalacia patella
- patellar tendonitis
- osteochondritis dessicans
- prepatellar bursitis
- osgood-schlatter’s syndrome
- sinding-larson-johansson syndrome
what is chondromalacia patella?
- degenerative softening of articular cartilage
- feel knee buckling/grinding
what is patellar tendonitis?
- aching after exercise with swelling
- pain/tenderness in resisted knee extension
- AKA jumper’s knee
what is osteochondritis dessicans?
cartilage separates from subchondral bone
