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SPSC 3276 > module 9: lower extremity- worksheet > Flashcards

module 9: lower extremity- worksheet Flashcards

1
Q

what three joints articulate to form the ankle joint?

A

tibia
talus
fibula

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2
Q

what bones form the subtalar joint?

A

talus
calcaneus
**talocalaneal joint*

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3
Q

what type of joint is the ankle and subtalar joint?

A

synovial (gliding) joints

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4
Q

what are the 3 main ligaments on the lateral side of the ankle?

A
  • anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL)
  • calcaneo-fibular ligament (CFL)
  • posterior talo-fibular ligament
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5
Q

what muscle travels down the lateral side of the ankle?

A

proneal muscles

  • peroneus longus
  • brevis
  • tertius
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6
Q

what type of mechanisms causes injury to the proneal muscle and its tendon?

A
  • ankle sprain

- inversion

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7
Q

is an inversion or eversion ankle sprain more common? why?

A

An inversion sprain is the most common because the deltoid is stronger, hence why eversion
sprains are less common.

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8
Q

what is meant by a high sprain?

A

A high sprain is when there is damage to the ligaments that hold the tibia
and fibula together (syndemosis)

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9
Q

Describe a medial ankle sprain in terms of mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and acute management

A
  • foot straight
  • swelling
  • redness
  • inability to move
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10
Q

Describe a lateral ankle sprain in terms of mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and acute management

A
  • falling, rolling, stepping on something
  • swelling
  • bruising
  • pain
  • restricted ROM
  • instability
  • tenderness
  • RICE
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11
Q

what are the stress tests for ankle injuries?

A

fracture tests:

  • pott’s compression
  • percussion/bump

joint stability tests:

  • anterior drawer
  • talar tilt
  • kleiger’s test

special pathology tests:

  • thompson test
  • syndesmotic sprain
  • tap test (tinel’s sign)
  • morton’s test
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12
Q

describe the difference between a first, second, and third degree sprain

A
  • first = overstretched.
  • Second = partial tear, pain, some instability.
  • Third = complete tear, instability. Liagement to bone could be separated.
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13
Q

how do you make the decision to tape an athlete’s ankle?

A

when the swelling has gone down

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14
Q

describe plantar fasciitis: signs/symptoms, management, and prevention

A

signs and symptoms:

  • heel pain
  • stabbing pain bottom of the foot near the heel
  • worse with first few steps after awakening or long periods of standing and after exercise

management:
- rest
- stretching
- strengthening
- shoe changes

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15
Q

what are the main bones of the knee?

A
  • femur
  • patella
  • tibia
  • fibula
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16
Q

what are the main joints of the knee?

A
  • patellofemoral
  • tibiofibular
  • tibiofemoral
17
Q

what is the function of the popliteus?

A
  • internally rotates the knee

- unlocks knee joint from flexion

18
Q

what are the palpations of the knee?

A
  • patella
  • tibial tuberosity
  • medial/lateral epicondyle
  • head of fibula
  • gerdy’s tubercle
  • MCL/LCL
  • medial/lateral joint line
  • popliteal space
19
Q

what are some mechanisms of injury for the knee?

A
  • direct trauma
  • indirect trauma
  • chronic repetitive movements
20
Q

what are the different ways the meniscus can be torn?

A
  • buckle-handle tear
  • flap torn from inner rim
  • degenerative type tear
21
Q

what is the unhappy triad and the mechanism?

A

ACL/MCL sprain and torn medial meniscus

- flexion, rotation, valgus force

22
Q

what is the treatment of knee injuries?

A
  • initial assessment
  • PRICES
  • bracing and surgery
23
Q

what are chronic injuries to the knee?

A
  • anterior knee pain (patellofemoral)
  • chondromalacia patella
  • patellar tendonitis
  • osteochondritis dessicans
  • prepatellar bursitis
  • osgood-schlatter’s syndrome
  • sinding-larson-johansson syndrome
24
Q

what is chondromalacia patella?

A
  • degenerative softening of articular cartilage

- feel knee buckling/grinding

25
Q

what is patellar tendonitis?

A
  • aching after exercise with swelling
  • pain/tenderness in resisted knee extension
  • AKA jumper’s knee
26
Q

what is osteochondritis dessicans?

A

cartilage separates from subchondral bone

SPSC 3276 (18 decks)

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