HOPS Flashcards
what are you looking for when you see swelling?
any fluid buildup around the area of pain
what are you looking for when there is pain?
where the pain is to get a better idea of the location
what are you looking for with laxity?
to see if there are any ligaments stretched/torn
what are you looking for with tone?
contusions/hematomas
what does pain in the medial collateral ligament indicate?
- swelling
- tear
- sprain
what does pain at the medial epicondyle indicate?
medial meniscus tear
what does pain at the tibial tuberosity indicate?
- Osgood schatter
- compression injury
what does pain at the popliteal space indicate?
- anterior cruciate tear
- posterior cruciate tear
- swelling
- meniscus injury
what does pain at the head of the fibula indicate?
- dislocation
- LCL/PCL tear
what does pain at the patella indicate?
- misalignment
- problems tracking
- hypermobile
- clicking
what does pain at the medial joint line indicate?
- swelling
- reproduction of pain
what does pain at the medial meniscus indicate?
- strain
- tear
- swelling
what does pain at the pes anserinus indicate?
- swelling
- pes anserinus bursitis
- overuse
- genu valgus
what are considered normal movements for the knee?
- flexion
- extension
- internal rotation
- external rotation
what does an active range of motion test for?
- what point of the motion do they feel pain
- their end range
- the ROM they can do themselves
what does passive range of motion test for?
- end range
what does resistive range of motion test for?
- muscle strains
- tears
- pain
- laxity
what does a positive valgus stress test indicate?
strain or tear in medial collateral ligament
ligament failure
what does a positive apley test indicate?
- compression = medial/lateral meniscus tear
- decompression = medial/lateral collateral ligament tear
what does a positive McMurray test indicate?
- MCL/LCL tear
what does a positive knee drawer test indicate?
- anterior (pull) = ACL strain/tear
- posterior (push) = PCL strain/tear
what is the injury for this case study?
medial collateral ligament tear (MCL)
what is the immediate treatment for MCL tear?
PRICES
- protect
- rest
- ice
- compression
- elevate
- support
when and who would you refer your athlete?
when = after initial swelling goes down because won’t be able to do through palpations to determine anything prior and MRI will not be able to pick up on much if there’s too much swelling
who = general physician to get referral for MRI
what is the prognosis (return to play) for the injury?
1) assess posture & training load
2) functional balance drills (standing on one foot, side to side symmetry)
3) functional strength (add load)
4) sport-specific (work on drills that are more sport specific)
