HOPS

Question 1

what are you looking for when you see swelling?

Answer 1

any fluid buildup around the area of pain

Question 2

what are you looking for when there is pain?

Answer 2

where the pain is to get a better idea of the location

Question 3

what are you looking for with laxity?

Answer 3

to see if there are any ligaments stretched/torn

Question 4

what are you looking for with tone?

Answer 4

contusions/hematomas

Question 5

what does pain in the medial collateral ligament indicate?

Answer 5

• swelling
• tear
• sprain

Question 6

what does pain at the medial epicondyle indicate?

Answer 6

medial meniscus tear

Question 7

what does pain at the tibial tuberosity indicate?

Answer 7

• Osgood schatter

- compression injury

Question 8

what does pain at the popliteal space indicate?

Answer 8

• anterior cruciate tear
• posterior cruciate tear
• swelling
• meniscus injury

Question 9

what does pain at the head of the fibula indicate?

Answer 9

• dislocation

- LCL/PCL tear

Question 10

what does pain at the patella indicate?

Answer 10

• misalignment
• problems tracking
• hypermobile
• clicking

Question 11

what does pain at the medial joint line indicate?

Answer 11

• swelling

- reproduction of pain

Question 12

what does pain at the medial meniscus indicate?

Answer 12

• strain
• tear
• swelling

Question 13

what does pain at the pes anserinus indicate?

Answer 13

• swelling
• pes anserinus bursitis
• overuse
• genu valgus

Question 14

what are considered normal movements for the knee?

Answer 14

• flexion
• extension
• internal rotation
• external rotation

Question 15

what does an active range of motion test for?

Answer 15

• what point of the motion do they feel pain
• their end range
• the ROM they can do themselves

Question 16

what does passive range of motion test for?

Answer 16

• end range

Question 17

what does resistive range of motion test for?

Answer 17

• muscle strains
• tears
• pain
• laxity

Question 18

what does a positive valgus stress test indicate?

Answer 18

strain or tear in medial collateral ligament

ligament failure

Question 19

what does a positive apley test indicate?

Answer 19

• compression = medial/lateral meniscus tear

- decompression = medial/lateral collateral ligament tear

Question 20

what does a positive McMurray test indicate?

Answer 20

• MCL/LCL tear

Question 21

what does a positive knee drawer test indicate?

Answer 21

• anterior (pull) = ACL strain/tear

- posterior (push) = PCL strain/tear

Question 22

what is the injury for this case study?

Answer 22

medial collateral ligament tear (MCL)

Question 23

what is the immediate treatment for MCL tear?

Answer 23

PRICES

• protect
• rest
• ice
• compression
• elevate
• support

Question 24

when and who would you refer your athlete?

Answer 24

when = after initial swelling goes down because won’t be able to do through palpations to determine anything prior and MRI will not be able to pick up on much if there’s too much swelling

who = general physician to get referral for MRI

Question 25

what is the prognosis (return to play) for the injury?

Answer 25

1) assess posture & training load
2) functional balance drills (standing on one foot, side to side symmetry)
3) functional strength (add load)
4) sport-specific (work on drills that are more sport specific)