Module 3: Risk Management Flashcards
what is mechanism of injury?
application location, magnitude, and direction of which excess forces/stresses are applied to the body
what is the difference between exposed and unexposed injury?
exposed = disrupt skin continuity
unexposed = internal, skin not broken
what are the signs and symptoms of a contusion?
contusion = a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured (AKA bruise)
- swelling
- pain
- limited ROM near injury
- bluish discolouration
what is a hematoma?
an abnormal collection of blood outside the blood vessel
what is ecchymosis?
a discolouration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
describe the signs and symptoms of mild, moderate, and severe strain
- mild (grade 1): minimal pain, swelling, and little or no loss of functional ability
- moderate (grade 2): causes partial tearing of the ligament and is characterized by bruising, moderate pain, and swelling
- severe (grade 3): complete tear
describe the signs and symptoms of mild, moderate and severe sprain
- mild (grade 1): the ligament has been stretched, resulting in slight or minimal tearing of fibers. Individual may be able to bear weight immediately after injury and it may feel stable. Pain and swelling is mild.
- moderate (grade 2): ligament has sustained greater damage with moderate tearing of the fibers. Swelling and tenderness are localized around the injured structure and may extend to surrounding tissue. Individual may be able to bear some weight and will walk with an antalgic gait (limp)
- severe (grade 3): complete tear or rupture of a ligament. Ankle is unstable and swelling, and ecchymosis (discoloration of skin) is rapid and diffuse. Individual demonstrates functional and clinical instability and will be unable to bear weight or walk with a normal gait
what is a dislocation?
a condition that happens when the bones of a joint are knocked out of place
what is the difference between subluxation and luxation?
subluxation = a partial abnormal separation of the articular surfaces of a joint
luxation = complete dislocation of a joint
what is myositis?
inflammation of a muscle’s connective tissues and inflammation of the sheath of fascia surrounding portions of muscle
what is tendonitis?
inflammation of the tendon that causes deep nagging pain
what is tenosynovitis?
inflammation of the synovial sheath surrounding a tendon and is common in the hands and feet
what is bursitis?
irritation of one or more bursae
why are fractures unique injurues?
bones tend to buckle or bend prior to breaking, which often leads to unique fracture patterns
what is a stress fracture?
a fracture that occurs due to continuous stress on the bone
what are the different types of fractures?
- simple
- compound
- depressed
- transverse
- comminuted
- oblique
- epiphyseal
- spiral
- greenstick
- avulsion
- impacted
what is a simple (closed) fracture?
bone breaks cleanly but ends do not break the skin
what is a compound (open) fracture?
bone ends penetrate through the soft tissue and skin
what is a depressed fracture?
occurs more frequently on flat bones when the broken portion is driven inwards
what is a transverse fracture?
break occurs in aa straight line across the bone
what is a comminuted fracture?
bone fragments into several pieces
what is an oblique fracture?
break occurs diagonally when torsion occurs on one end while the other is fixed
what is an epiphyseal fracture?
separation involves the epiphysis on the bone
what is a spiral fraction?
jagged bone ends are s-shaped when excessive torsion is applied to a fixed bone
what is a greenstick fracture?
bone breaks incompletely
what is an avulsion fracture?
bone fragment is pulled off by an attached tendon or ligament
what is an impacted fracture?
bone is impacted or driven into another piece of bone
what are some signals that there may be some nerve damage?
- severe, excruciating, shooting pain which feels like electric shock
- tingling and/or altered sensation in the injured limb
- weakness or loss of motor power
- dry and red skin due to interruption of sympathetic functions
what are the three main types of mechanical forces?
1) compression
2) tension
3) shearing
what is a compression mechanical force?
the force comes straight down on one another and compress each other
(head on)
what is a tension mechanical force?
pulling two forces in the opposite direction = longer and thinner muscles and ligaments
what is a shearing mechanical force?
stress in 2 forces acting parallel to each other but in opposite direction
what are some psychosocial factors may predispose an athlete to injury?
- social withdrawal
- emotional outbursts
- excessive worry
- changes in sleep patterns
- changes in appetite
- denying seriousness of injury
- anxiety/depression
- poor focus
what is an intrinsic risk factor?
a predisposing factor that acts from within your body
what is an extrinsic risk factor?
an outside influence. elements that are not caused by your own body
what is a contusion?
a bruise
