hip/thigh review sheet Flashcards
What are the normal movements of the hip joint? What bones make up the hip joint? Describe the properties of this ilio-femoral joint.
movements:
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- internal/external rotation
bones:
- sacrum
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
- lumbar
properties of ilio-femoral:
- head of femur
- acetabulum
- acetavular labrum
Locate and state the innominate bones that make up the pelvis. What bones make up the sacroiliac joint? Describe the properties of this joint.
innominate bones:
- sacrum
- coccyx
bones of the sacroiliac joint:
- sacrum
- ilium
What muscles and ligaments provide stability and strength to the hip and pelvis?
- psoas minor
- iliacus
- psoas major
What anatomical landmarks (palpations) are important for the athletic trainer to know for the hip/thigh? Find them
What are the mechanisms of injury to the hip and thigh?
- direct trauma (force)
- forceful explosive/ballistic movements
- unexpected overstretching of the muscle
- chronic repetitive movements
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of a hip epiphyseal fracture
signs/symptoms:
- pain/tenderness with pressure on the growth plate
- inability to move affected area
- warmth and swelling at joint
management: limit motion
prevention:
- take breaks/off-season for sports
- use protective equipment
- avoid hard compact movements
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of a slipped capital femoral head
signs/symptoms:
- pain in the groin, knee, or hip
- stiffness in hip
- foot/leg turned outward
- inability to put too much weight on leg
management: surgery to stabilize the growth plate that slipped
prevention:
- avoid head slip any further
- rest
- crutches
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of apophysitis
signs/symptoms:
- pain that worsens after repetitive sports (running, jumping)
- pain/swelling to the touch overgrowth plate areas
management:
- ice
- braces
- non-steroid anti-inflammatory
prevention:
- be aware of activity relatied pain
- watch for signs early
What complication may arise from a dislocation injury to the hip socket?
- avascular necrosis (bone death)
- sciatic nerve damage
- tears to adjacent blood vessels, nerves, muscles, ligaments
Discuss a contusion injury. What is a hip pointer? How do you manage thigh contusions and hip pointers and how do you prevent them from occurring? What types of athletes are most at risk?
contusion= bruise
hip pointer = blow to the iliac crest
management:
- x-ray to rule out a fracture
- remove from activity
- ice 12-20 mins
- compress with tensor
- support with spica/remove voluntary movement
prevention:
- strengthening surrounding musculature
- flexibility training
- hip pads
What complication may arise from a poorly managed contusion?
myositis ossifians (bone tissue forms inside muscle or other tissue after an injury)
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of osteitis pubis?
signs/symptoms: inflammation and gradual onset of localized pain around pubis symphysis
management:
- rest
- heat/ice
- anti-inflammatory meds
- physical therapy
prevention:
- avoid excessive running/jumping/shearing motions
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of piriformis syndrome
signs/symptoms:
- irritated sciatic nerve
- gluteal pain
- radiating pain from sciatic compression
management:
- avoid positions that trigger pain
- anti-inflammatory meds
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of sciatica
signs/symptoms: constant burning sensations or shooting pain starting in the lower back and radiating through the back of the thigh, leg, and/or foot
management:
- pain relievers
- muscle relaxants
- anti-inflammatory
prevention:
- regular exercise
- good body mechanics
- proper posture
describe groin, hamstring, and quadriceps strains in terms of mechanism of injury, muscles implicated, signs and symptoms, management, and prevention
mechanism of injury: direct blow, unexpected overstretching of muscles, repetitive movements, forceful explosive movements
muscles implicated:
- rectus femoris
- bicep femoris
- adductors of the thigh
signs/symptoms:
- excessive pain
- tenderness
- muscle spasm
- intensified pain from resistive ROM
management:
- RICES