hip/thigh review sheet Flashcards
What are the normal movements of the hip joint? What bones make up the hip joint? Describe the properties of this ilio-femoral joint.
movements:
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- internal/external rotation
bones:
- sacrum
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
- lumbar
properties of ilio-femoral:
- head of femur
- acetabulum
- acetavular labrum
Locate and state the innominate bones that make up the pelvis. What bones make up the sacroiliac joint? Describe the properties of this joint.
innominate bones:
- sacrum
- coccyx
bones of the sacroiliac joint:
- sacrum
- ilium
What muscles and ligaments provide stability and strength to the hip and pelvis?
- psoas minor
- iliacus
- psoas major
What anatomical landmarks (palpations) are important for the athletic trainer to know for the hip/thigh? Find them
What are the mechanisms of injury to the hip and thigh?
- direct trauma (force)
- forceful explosive/ballistic movements
- unexpected overstretching of the muscle
- chronic repetitive movements
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of a hip epiphyseal fracture
signs/symptoms:
- pain/tenderness with pressure on the growth plate
- inability to move affected area
- warmth and swelling at joint
management: limit motion
prevention:
- take breaks/off-season for sports
- use protective equipment
- avoid hard compact movements
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of a slipped capital femoral head
signs/symptoms:
- pain in the groin, knee, or hip
- stiffness in hip
- foot/leg turned outward
- inability to put too much weight on leg
management: surgery to stabilize the growth plate that slipped
prevention:
- avoid head slip any further
- rest
- crutches
describe the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of apophysitis
signs/symptoms:
- pain that worsens after repetitive sports (running, jumping)
- pain/swelling to the touch overgrowth plate areas
management:
- ice
- braces
- non-steroid anti-inflammatory
prevention:
- be aware of activity relatied pain
- watch for signs early
What complication may arise from a dislocation injury to the hip socket?
- avascular necrosis (bone death)
- sciatic nerve damage
- tears to adjacent blood vessels, nerves, muscles, ligaments
Discuss a contusion injury. What is a hip pointer? How do you manage thigh contusions and hip pointers and how do you prevent them from occurring? What types of athletes are most at risk?
contusion= bruise
hip pointer = blow to the iliac crest
management:
- x-ray to rule out a fracture
- remove from activity
- ice 12-20 mins
- compress with tensor
- support with spica/remove voluntary movement
prevention:
- strengthening surrounding musculature
- flexibility training
- hip pads
What complication may arise from a poorly managed contusion?
myositis ossifians (bone tissue forms inside muscle or other tissue after an injury)
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of osteitis pubis?
signs/symptoms: inflammation and gradual onset of localized pain around pubis symphysis
management:
- rest
- heat/ice
- anti-inflammatory meds
- physical therapy
prevention:
- avoid excessive running/jumping/shearing motions
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of piriformis syndrome
signs/symptoms:
- irritated sciatic nerve
- gluteal pain
- radiating pain from sciatic compression
management:
- avoid positions that trigger pain
- anti-inflammatory meds
what are the signs/symptoms, management, and prevention of sciatica
signs/symptoms: constant burning sensations or shooting pain starting in the lower back and radiating through the back of the thigh, leg, and/or foot
management:
- pain relievers
- muscle relaxants
- anti-inflammatory
prevention:
- regular exercise
- good body mechanics
- proper posture
describe groin, hamstring, and quadriceps strains in terms of mechanism of injury, muscles implicated, signs and symptoms, management, and prevention
mechanism of injury: direct blow, unexpected overstretching of muscles, repetitive movements, forceful explosive movements
muscles implicated:
- rectus femoris
- bicep femoris
- adductors of the thigh
signs/symptoms:
- excessive pain
- tenderness
- muscle spasm
- intensified pain from resistive ROM
management:
- RICES
What is iliotibial band syndrome and what causes it? Where does the athlete feel pain and who is most likely to sustain this injury? Discuss the test for IT band tightness and discuss management and prevention for this condition.
tenderness on the lateral knee, weak hip abductors
cause: repetitive running
who: long-distance runners/dancers
management:
- RICES
- continual assessment
- gradual RTA
