knee/lower leg review sheet Flashcards
What are the normal movements of the knee? What muscle unlocks the knee on full extension?
- flexion, extension, internal/external rotation
- popliteus
What bones make up the three articulating joints at the knee? Which lower leg bone carries most of the weight during weight-bearing?
- tibia
- fibula
- femur
- patella
- tibia
Locate and discuss the properties of the four major ligaments of the knee
- posterior cruciate ligament
- medial collateral ligament
- lateral collateral ligament
- anterior cruciate ligament
What muscles join to form the patellar tract? Where does the patellar tract insert? What muscles provide support and stability to the knee?
- quadricep femoris
- vastus intermedialis
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- insert onto tuberal tuberosity
- quadriceps and hamstrings
What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci?
- shock absorbers
- stabilize the knee
What are the three mechanisms of injury to the knee and provide examples of each.
- direct trauma: ex- getting tackled
- indirect trauma: ex- twisting the knee as you turn
- chronic repetitive movement: ex- running
Discuss the following acute injuries to the knee including signs/symptoms, management, and prevention: dislocation
signs/symptoms:
- pain
- swelling
- unable to weight bear
management:
- rest
- apply ice and heat
- pain reliever
- maintain ROM
prevention:
- avoid awkward twisting/movements
Discuss the following acute injuries to the knee including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: meniscal tear
signs/symptoms:
- pain increased with stairs or squatting
- clicking or locking
management:
- rest
- take break from activity
- ice
- potential surgery
What is the unhappy triad?
sprained ACL, MCL, and torn medial meniscus
Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: patellofemoral syndrome
signs/symptoms:
- pain during activities that bend the knee
- pain after sitting long periods of time
- cracking/popping sounds in your knee
management:
- stretching
- knee stabilization
- RICES
Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: patellar tendonitis
signs/symptoms:
- aching after exercise with swelling
- pain/tenderness in resisted knee extension
management:
- strengthening exercises
- use of patellar tendon strap
prevention:
- warming up/cooling down
- knee suppport
- strengthen muscles around the knee
Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: chondromalacia patellae
signs/symptoms:
- feel knee-buckling/grinding
management:
- rest the knee
- ice
prevention
- avoid repeated stress to the kneecaps
- wear kneepads if you have to spend time on your knees
What is Osgood-Schlatters disease? What is the management plan for an adolescent athlete with anterior knee pain?
apophysitis at patellar tendon insertion on the tibial tuberosity
management:
- reducting activity that makes it worse
- icing
- using kneepads/ patellar tendon strap
What are the goals of rehabilitating the knee after injury?
- help you recover form pain
- get back to normal mobility asap
Name the four muscular compartments of the lower leg and identify the anatomy in each
- interosseus membrane of leg
- anterior intermuscular septum of leg
- posterior intermuscular septim of leg
- tensverse intermuscular leptum of leg
Describe the mechanism of injury for medial tibial stress syndrome and make recommendations for prevention and management.
mechanism: repetitive loading forces
management:
- rest
- ice
- exercise to gently stretch the muscles around the shin
prevention:
- stretch
- avoid sudden increases of physical activity
- strengthen foot and hip muscles
Discuss acute compartment syndrome.
- increased tissue pressure
- compromised muscles, nerves, blood vessels within the space and distal to compartment
Describe injury to the heel cord and its management. Who is most at risk for sustaining a heel cord rupture?
AKA Achilles tendon rupture = tear of muscle result in loss of function and a palpable mass
- pain/discomfort along the area around the back of the heel
- 30-50 year old recreational athletes
