knee/lower leg review sheet Flashcards

1
Q

What are the normal movements of the knee? What muscle unlocks the knee on full extension?

A
  • flexion, extension, internal/external rotation
  • popliteus
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2
Q

What bones make up the three articulating joints at the knee? Which lower leg bone carries most of the weight during weight-bearing?

A
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • femur
  • patella
  • tibia
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3
Q

Locate and discuss the properties of the four major ligaments of the knee

A
  • posterior cruciate ligament
  • medial collateral ligament
  • lateral collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
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4
Q

What muscles join to form the patellar tract? Where does the patellar tract insert? What muscles provide support and stability to the knee?

A
  1. quadricep femoris
  2. vastus intermedialis
  3. vastus lateralis
  4. vastus medialis
  • insert onto tuberal tuberosity
  • quadriceps and hamstrings
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5
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci?

A
  • shock absorbers
  • stabilize the knee
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6
Q

What are the three mechanisms of injury to the knee and provide examples of each.

A
  • direct trauma: ex- getting tackled
  • indirect trauma: ex- twisting the knee as you turn
  • chronic repetitive movement: ex- running
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7
Q

Discuss the following acute injuries to the knee including signs/symptoms, management, and prevention: dislocation

A

signs/symptoms:

  • pain
  • swelling
  • unable to weight bear

management:

  • rest
  • apply ice and heat
  • pain reliever
  • maintain ROM

prevention:

  • avoid awkward twisting/movements
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8
Q

Discuss the following acute injuries to the knee including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: meniscal tear

A

signs/symptoms:

  • pain increased with stairs or squatting
  • clicking or locking

management:

  • rest
  • take break from activity
  • ice
  • potential surgery
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9
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

sprained ACL, MCL, and torn medial meniscus

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10
Q

Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: patellofemoral syndrome

A

signs/symptoms:

  • pain during activities that bend the knee
  • pain after sitting long periods of time
  • cracking/popping sounds in your knee

management:

  • stretching
  • knee stabilization
  • RICES
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11
Q

Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: patellar tendonitis

A

signs/symptoms:

  • aching after exercise with swelling
  • pain/tenderness in resisted knee extension

management:

  • strengthening exercises
  • use of patellar tendon strap

prevention:

  • warming up/cooling down
  • knee suppport
  • strengthen muscles around the knee
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12
Q

Discuss the following chronic injuries to the foot including signs/symptoms, management and prevention: chondromalacia patellae

A

signs/symptoms:

  • feel knee-buckling/grinding

management:

  • rest the knee
  • ice

prevention

  • avoid repeated stress to the kneecaps
  • wear kneepads if you have to spend time on your knees
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13
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatters disease? What is the management plan for an adolescent athlete with anterior knee pain?

A

apophysitis at patellar tendon insertion on the tibial tuberosity

management:

  • reducting activity that makes it worse
  • icing
  • using kneepads/ patellar tendon strap
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14
Q

What are the goals of rehabilitating the knee after injury?

A
  • help you recover form pain
  • get back to normal mobility asap
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15
Q

Name the four muscular compartments of the lower leg and identify the anatomy in each

A
  1. interosseus membrane of leg
  2. anterior intermuscular septum of leg
  3. posterior intermuscular septim of leg
  4. tensverse intermuscular leptum of leg
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16
Q

Describe the mechanism of injury for medial tibial stress syndrome and make recommendations for prevention and management.

A

mechanism: repetitive loading forces

management:

  • rest
  • ice
  • exercise to gently stretch the muscles around the shin

prevention:

  • stretch
  • avoid sudden increases of physical activity
  • strengthen foot and hip muscles
17
Q

Discuss acute compartment syndrome.

A
  • increased tissue pressure
  • compromised muscles, nerves, blood vessels within the space and distal to compartment
18
Q

Describe injury to the heel cord and its management. Who is most at risk for sustaining a heel cord rupture?

A

AKA Achilles tendon rupture = tear of muscle result in loss of function and a palpable mass

  • pain/discomfort along the area around the back of the heel
  • 30-50 year old recreational athletes