Module 8 Flashcards
how do we control microbes (#)
kill
remove
prevent growth
what are the 2 different different methods of control
physical
chemical
what do you do to inanimate objects
sterilization
disinfection
sanitation
what do you do to living tissues
antisepsis
degerming
what does sterilization do?
completely eliminate all cells , endospores and viruses
what does disinfectant do?
reduces or destroys microbial load using heat of chemicals
reduce significantly but will still have spores
what does sanitization do?
reduces microbial loads to a SAFE PUBLIC HEALTH level using heat or chemicals
what does antisepsis do?
reduces microbial load using an antimicrobial chemicals
possible spores will not be removed
what does degerming do?
reduce load using scrubbing and mild chemicals
if you need to clean skin that was broken, what do you do?
antisepsis
what are protocols effected by (5)
time of exposure
temperature
concentration
microbial load
type of microbe
whats the hardest microbial type to kill
prions and then bacterial spores
are naked virus or enveloped harder to kill
naked is harder to kill than enveloped
why is moist heat better than dry heat?
faster heat penetration and better protein denaturation
is pasteurization sterile
not sterile
is boiling water sterile
sterility is not guaranteed as spores could still be remaining
is autoclaving sterile
yes
what does red after autoclaving process mean
that spores were killed and autoclaved objects are sterile
ultraviolet light penetration
it doesn’t penetrate solids - good for surface/air sterilization but that’s it
ionizing rays
doesn’t fully sterilize - only heat sensitive products - has better penetrating power than UV rays
what is filtration
physical removal of microbes but it doesn’t kill
what is trapped and what goes through in filtration
bacteria and fungi are trapped but viruses go through
what reduces the population by killing in physical methods ?
boiling
dry heat oven
incineration
autoclave
pasteurization
high pressure processing
what controls growth in physical methods
refrigeration/ freezing
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
drying /salt/ vacuuming
what are germicides
chemical used to kill microbes on the surface
what are the subclasses of germicides
antisepsis
disinfectant
are disinfectants and antiseptics interchangeable
no
what is chemotherapy
chemical used as therapeutic to kill of prevent growth of microbes
what are preservatives
chemical that kill microbes or inhibits microbial growth by creating an unfavourable environment
what is selective toxicity
the ability for a chemical to discriminate between cell types
what does the concept of selective toxicity not apply to
germicides or preservatives
when used as directed, germicides will
always greatly reduce the microbial load
sometimes create a true sterile surface
what is susceptibility
the ability of a bacteria to be killed
what I a brand spectrum
kills many different groups
what is a narrow spectrum
kills a specific group
what do antibiotics target
bacteria
what are the general characteristics of antibiotics
sources of antibiotics
selective toxicity
spectrum of activity
cidal vs static
what are the targets of antibiotics (5)
cell wall
DNA synthesis/RNA synthesis
metabolic pathways
ribosomes
plasma membrane
what is antibiotics goal
to achieve selective toxicity by targeting a process or structure that is unique to bacteria
what is DNA gyrus unique to
bacteria
what is an allergy vs intolerance
an allergy could kill you
an intolerance just doesnt make you feel good
what are the 3 negatives of antibiotics
toxicity/ intolerance
allergic reactions
disruption of “normal flora”
what is disruption of normal flora
antibiotics can kill your normal microbiota
what is selective toxicity for fungi tough
they are eukaryotes
what is a mechanism of anti fungal agents
ergosterol
what do antiviral agents do
prevent completion of life cycle (static not cidal)
does antiviral therapy work against latent viruses
no - antiviral therapy requires viral replication
what is the principle of antimicrobial susceptibility testing
determine the lowest concentration needed to kill or inhibit growth of a bacteria
what does a High MIC value mean
a lot of antibiotic was needed
