Module 8

Question 1

how do we control microbes (#)

Answer 1

kill
remove
prevent growth

Question 2

what are the 2 different different methods of control

Answer 2

physical
chemical

Question 3

what do you do to inanimate objects

Answer 3

sterilization
disinfection
sanitation

Question 4

what do you do to living tissues

Answer 4

antisepsis
degerming

Question 5

what does sterilization do?

Answer 5

completely eliminate all cells , endospores and viruses

Question 6

what does disinfectant do?

Answer 6

reduces or destroys microbial load using heat of chemicals

reduce significantly but will still have spores

Question 7

what does sanitization do?

Answer 7

reduces microbial loads to a SAFE PUBLIC HEALTH level using heat or chemicals

Question 8

what does antisepsis do?

Answer 8

reduces microbial load using an antimicrobial chemicals

possible spores will not be removed

Question 9

what does degerming do?

Answer 9

reduce load using scrubbing and mild chemicals

Question 10

if you need to clean skin that was broken, what do you do?

Answer 10

antisepsis

Question 11

what are protocols effected by (5)

Answer 11

time of exposure
temperature
concentration
microbial load
type of microbe

Question 12

whats the hardest microbial type to kill

Answer 12

prions and then bacterial spores

Question 13

are naked virus or enveloped harder to kill

Answer 13

naked is harder to kill than enveloped

Question 14

why is moist heat better than dry heat?

Answer 14

faster heat penetration and better protein denaturation

Question 15

is pasteurization sterile

Answer 15

not sterile

Question 16

is boiling water sterile

Answer 16

sterility is not guaranteed as spores could still be remaining

Question 17

is autoclaving sterile

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

what does red after autoclaving process mean

Answer 18

that spores were killed and autoclaved objects are sterile

Question 19

ultraviolet light penetration

Answer 19

it doesn’t penetrate solids - good for surface/air sterilization but that’s it

Question 20

ionizing rays

Answer 20

doesn’t fully sterilize - only heat sensitive products - has better penetrating power than UV rays

Question 21

what is filtration

Answer 21

physical removal of microbes but it doesn’t kill

Question 22

what is trapped and what goes through in filtration

Answer 22

bacteria and fungi are trapped but viruses go through

Question 23

what reduces the population by killing in physical methods ?

Answer 23

boiling
dry heat oven
incineration
autoclave
pasteurization
high pressure processing

Question 24

what controls growth in physical methods

Answer 24

refrigeration/ freezing
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
drying /salt/ vacuuming

Question 25

what are germicides

Answer 25

chemical used to kill microbes on the surface

Question 26

what are the subclasses of germicides

Answer 26

antisepsis
disinfectant

Question 27

are disinfectants and antiseptics interchangeable

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what is chemotherapy

Answer 28

chemical used as therapeutic to kill of prevent growth of microbes

Question 29

what are preservatives

Answer 29

chemical that kill microbes or inhibits microbial growth by creating an unfavourable environment

Question 30

what is selective toxicity

Answer 30

the ability for a chemical to discriminate between cell types

Question 31

what does the concept of selective toxicity not apply to

Answer 31

germicides or preservatives

Question 32

when used as directed, germicides will

Answer 32

always greatly reduce the microbial load
sometimes create a true sterile surface

Question 33

what is susceptibility

Answer 33

the ability of a bacteria to be killed

Question 34

what I a brand spectrum

Answer 34

kills many different groups

Question 35

what is a narrow spectrum

Answer 35

kills a specific group

Question 36

what do antibiotics target

Answer 36

bacteria

Question 37

what are the general characteristics of antibiotics

Answer 37

sources of antibiotics
selective toxicity
spectrum of activity
cidal vs static

Question 38

what are the targets of antibiotics (5)

Answer 38

cell wall
DNA synthesis/RNA synthesis
metabolic pathways
ribosomes
plasma membrane

Question 39

what is antibiotics goal

Answer 39

to achieve selective toxicity by targeting a process or structure that is unique to bacteria

Question 40

what is DNA gyrus unique to

Answer 40

bacteria

Question 41

what is an allergy vs intolerance

Answer 41

an allergy could kill you
an intolerance just doesnt make you feel good

Question 42

what are the 3 negatives of antibiotics

Answer 42

toxicity/ intolerance
allergic reactions
disruption of “normal flora”

Question 43

what is disruption of normal flora

Answer 43

antibiotics can kill your normal microbiota

Question 44

what is selective toxicity for fungi tough

Answer 44

they are eukaryotes

Question 45

what is a mechanism of anti fungal agents

Answer 45

ergosterol

Question 46

what do antiviral agents do

Answer 46

prevent completion of life cycle (static not cidal)

Question 47

does antiviral therapy work against latent viruses

Answer 47

no - antiviral therapy requires viral replication

Question 48

what is the principle of antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Answer 48

determine the lowest concentration needed to kill or inhibit growth of a bacteria

Question 49

what does a High MIC value mean

Answer 49

a lot of antibiotic was needed