Module 10 pt 1

Question 1

what is epidemiology

Answer 1

the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population

Question 2

what is public health

Answer 2

the study of the population as a whole

Question 3

what accounts for nearly half of all deaths in developing countries

Answer 3

infectious diseases

Question 4

whats the major goal of epidemiology

Answer 4

identifying the nature of a disease and its transmission

Question 5

mortality

Answer 5

the incidence of death in a population

Question 6

morbidity

Answer 6

the state of being diseased (including fatal and non fatal disease)

Question 7

DALY

Answer 7

measures disease burden in terms of lost years due to the disease

Question 8

what is the incidence of a disease

Answer 8

number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time

Question 9

what is prevalence of a disease

Answer 9

the total number of new and existing cases

Question 10

what does sporadic mean

Answer 10

cases seen without geographical concentration

Question 11

what are the patterns of incidence (3)

Answer 11

endemic
epidemic
pandemic

Question 12

what is an endemic

Answer 12

disease that is constantly present in a population

Question 13

what is an epidemic

Answer 13

a disease that occurs in a large number of people at the same time

Question 14

what is a pandemic

Answer 14

epidemic that is widespread, usually worldwide

Question 15

what is a reservoir

Answer 15

individuals who are infected with the pathogen that cause endemic diseases

Question 16

what is herd immunity

Answer 16

defined as the resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of high proportion of the group

Question 17

do immunized people protect nonimmunized people

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

what is the basic reproductive number

Answer 18

R

Question 19

what does the R number represent

Answer 19

the number of expected secondary cases of a given disease from each single case

Question 20

what does a higher R number represent

Answer 20

a higher number of infections

Question 21

when does a disease outbreak occur

Answer 21

when a number of cases of a disease are reported in a short period of time

Question 22

what is the word for infections that show mild symptoms or no symptoms

Answer 22

subclinical infections

Question 23

what are carriers

Answer 23

diseased individuals who show no symptoms or mild symptoms

Question 24

what must a pathogen do to cause a disease

Answer 24

a pathogen must replicate and grow inside a host

Question 25

whats a chronic infection

Answer 25

an infection where both the host and pathogen survives

Question 26

what is an acute infection

Answer 26

pathogen can be a selective force - it can kill you

Question 27

what are the 5 stages of disease

Answer 27

infection incubation period acute period decline period convalescent period

Question 28

what is the infection period

Answer 28

organism invades and colonizes host

Question 29

what is the incubation period

Answer 29

the time between infection and onset of symptoms

Question 30

what is the acute period

Answer 30

the disease at its height

Question 31

what is the decline period

Answer 31

disease symptoms are subsiding

Question 32

what is the convalescent period

Answer 32

patient regains strength and returns to normal

Question 33

what are the two types of epidemics

Answer 33

common source host to host epidemic

Question 34

whats a common source epidemic? whats an example

Answer 34

epidemic that usually arises from contamination of water or food cholera

Question 35

whats a host to host epidemic? what's an example

Answer 35

the disease shows a slow, progressive rise and a gradual decline chicken pox

Question 36

what are the three ways that transmission occurs

Answer 36

point source common source person to person

Question 37

what is a point source outbreak

Answer 37

people are exposed for a brief time to the same source so the number of cases rise rapidly to a peak and falls gradually

Question 38

whats a continuous common source

Answer 38

when people are exposed to the same thing over a long period of time so the curve rises gradually

Question 39

what is direct host to host transmission

Answer 39

when the individual transmits a disease directly to a susceptible host without an intermediate

Question 40

what is indirect host to host transmission

Answer 40

transmission is facilitated by a living or nonliving agent (third party)

Question 41

what Is a fomites

Answer 41

a non living third party (doorknob)

Question 42

what is a vector

Answer 42

living third party (mosquito/tick)

Question 43

can carriers be people in the incubation period of the disease

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

can non living matter serve as a reservoir

Answer 44

yes (ex. soil)

Question 45

what is zoonosis

Answer 45

any disease that primary affects animals but is occasionally transmitted to humans