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BMSC 210 > Module 10 pt 1 > Flashcards

Module 10 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is epidemiology

A

the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population

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2
Q

what is public health

A

the study of the population as a whole

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3
Q

what accounts for nearly half of all deaths in developing countries

A

infectious diseases

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4
Q

whats the major goal of epidemiology

A

identifying the nature of a disease and its transmission

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5
Q

mortality

A

the incidence of death in a population

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6
Q

morbidity

A

the state of being diseased (including fatal and non fatal disease)

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7
Q

DALY

A

measures disease burden in terms of lost years due to the disease

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8
Q

what is the incidence of a disease

A

number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time

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9
Q

what is prevalence of a disease

A

the total number of new and existing cases

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10
Q

what does sporadic mean

A

cases seen without geographical concentration

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11
Q

what are the patterns of incidence (3)

A

endemic
epidemic
pandemic

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12
Q

what is an endemic

A

disease that is constantly present in a population

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13
Q

what is an epidemic

A

a disease that occurs in a large number of people at the same time

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14
Q

what is a pandemic

A

epidemic that is widespread, usually worldwide

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15
Q

what is a reservoir

A

individuals who are infected with the pathogen that cause endemic diseases

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16
Q

what is herd immunity

A

defined as the resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of high proportion of the group

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17
Q

do immunized people protect nonimmunized people

A

yes

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18
Q

what is the basic reproductive number

A

R

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19
Q

what does the R number represent

A

the number of expected secondary cases of a given disease from each single case

20
Q

what does a higher R number represent

A

a higher number of infections

21
Q

when does a disease outbreak occur

A

when a number of cases of a disease are reported in a short period of time

22
Q

what is the word for infections that show mild symptoms or no symptoms

A

subclinical infections

23
Q

what are carriers

A

diseased individuals who show no symptoms or mild symptoms

24
Q

what must a pathogen do to cause a disease

A

a pathogen must replicate and grow inside a host

25
Q

whats a chronic infection

A

an infection where both the host and pathogen survives

26
Q

what is an acute infection

A

pathogen can be a selective force - it can kill you

27
Q

what are the 5 stages of disease

A

infection
incubation period
acute period
decline period
convalescent period

28
Q

what is the infection period

A

organism invades and colonizes host

29
Q

what is the incubation period

A

the time between infection and onset of symptoms

30
Q

what is the acute period

A

the disease at its height

31
Q

what is the decline period

A

disease symptoms are subsiding

32
Q

what is the convalescent period

A

patient regains strength and returns to normal

33
Q

what are the two types of epidemics

A

common source
host to host epidemic

34
Q

whats a common source epidemic?
whats an example

A

epidemic that usually arises from contamination of water or food

cholera

35
Q

whats a host to host epidemic?
what’s an example

A

the disease shows a slow, progressive rise and a gradual decline

chicken pox

36
Q

what are the three ways that transmission occurs

A

point source
common source
person to person

37
Q

what is a point source outbreak

A

people are exposed for a brief time to the same source so the number of cases rise rapidly to a peak and falls gradually

38
Q

whats a continuous common source

A

when people are exposed to the same thing over a long period of time so the curve rises gradually

39
Q

what is direct host to host transmission

A

when the individual transmits a disease directly to a susceptible host without an intermediate

40
Q

what is indirect host to host transmission

A

transmission is facilitated by a living or nonliving agent (third party)

41
Q

what Is a fomites

A

a non living third party (doorknob)

42
Q

what is a vector

A

living third party (mosquito/tick)

43
Q

can carriers be people in the incubation period of the disease

A

yes

44
Q

can non living matter serve as a reservoir

A

yes (ex. soil)

45
Q

what is zoonosis

A

any disease that primary affects animals but is occasionally transmitted to humans

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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