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BMSC 210 > module 10 pt 2 > Flashcards

module 10 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is biosafety 1

A

used in teaching laboratories

barrier protection (cloves, coat, safety glasses)

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2
Q

what is biosafety 2

A

moderate risk pathogens

barrier protections + manipulations that might generate aerosols must be performed in a biological safety cabinet

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3
Q

biosafety 3

A

emerging and high risk pathogens

barrier protection
negatively pressurized lab fitted with filters to prevent pathogen escape
safety cabinet for manipulations

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4
Q

biosafety 4

A

emerging and high risk pathogens, especially those spread by aerosols, for which there is no treatment, cure, or vaccine

barrier protection
manipulations must be performed in a sealed safety cabinet and by personnel wearing positive pressure suits fitted with an air supply

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5
Q

what are some pathogens that can be identified by microscope

A

neisseria gonorrhoea
tuberculosis

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6
Q

what are the two types of identifying microorganisms by culture

A

general purpose media
enriched media

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7
Q

what is general purpose media

A

support growth of most aerobic or facultatively aerobic organisms

blood agar

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8
Q

what is an enriched media

A

contain specific growth factors that enhance growth of certain pathogens

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9
Q

what is a selective medium

A

restricts the growth to a particular phenotype of interest

ex. MB inhibits gram positive so we can only see gram negative

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10
Q

what is a differential medium

A

does not restrict growth but permits the identification of a particular phenotype

ex. distinguishing

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11
Q

what do you do to assess sugar fermentation

A

differential media

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12
Q

what are miniaturized media kits

A

kits that allow rapid identification of clinical isolates by running multiple tests on the specimen at the same time

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13
Q

how can urinary tract pathogens be cultured

A

using general purpose media, selective media

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14
Q

what is the Thayer Martin medium used for

A

to culture neisseria gonorrhoea

its a selective medium that contains antibiotics that inhibit the growth of other bacteria

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15
Q

what is genital specimens non selective medium

A

chocolate agar

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16
Q

what can be used to determine if neisseria gonorrhoea is present

A

direct microscopic examination (can be detected for males)
non selective enriched media like chocolate agar
selective medium like Thayer Martin

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17
Q

what is PCR used for

A

a diagnostic

18
Q

what is quantitative PCR

A

to quantify the amount of DNA or RNA in a sample

it generates an amplification curve that shows an increase in fluorescence as PCR progresses

19
Q

what is qualitative PCR

A

used to detect the presence or absence of a specific DNA sequence in a sample

it exploits nucleotide polymorphisms and compares the patients sample to the pathogens DNA to determine which pathogen has infected the individual

20
Q

what is serology

A

the study of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro

21
Q

what is skin testing

A

methode for determining exposure to a pathogen

22
Q

can all pathogens always be seen in skin testing

A

no

23
Q

what is a precipitation reaction

A

an antibody antigen reaction leading ti the formation of a visible precipitate

24
Q

what is passive/indirect agglutination

A

antigens of interest are also soluble so they need to be absorbed by a carrier and then put together

bound to red blood cells (carrier cells)

25
Q

direct agglutination

A

soluble antibodies binding to soluble antigens that are bound to the surface of cells

26
Q

what is sensitivity also called

A

true positive rate

27
Q

what does sensitivity (true positive rate) refer to

A

the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a disease or condition

28
Q

specificity means what

A

the ability for a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have a disease or condition

29
Q

what is specificity also called

A

true negative rate

30
Q

is direct or indirect agglutination more sensitive

A

Indirect

31
Q

what is direct agglutination usually used for

A

classification of the antigens found on the surface of red blood cells

32
Q

where can neutralization reactions happen

A

in vivo or in vitro

33
Q

what does chemically modifying antigens with fluorescent dye do

A

can help detect antigens on intact cells

34
Q

what test mechanism has high specificity and sensitivity

A

fluorescent

35
Q

what is an EIA

A

general term referring to any immunoassays that uses an enzyme linked system to detect the presence of a target antigen or antibody

36
Q

ELISA

A

specific type of EIA used to detect amounts of soluble antigens and antibodies in samples

37
Q

whats specific about ELISA

A

particular assay format
solid phase (microplate) to immobilize the antigen or antibody

38
Q

where is body fluid applied on a rapid test

A

support matrix

39
Q

when does a color form in rapid tests

A

concentration of chromophore gets high enough

40
Q

what is immunoblot

A

isolation of protein, then transferred to a membrane where specific antibodies are then added for detection

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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