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BMSC 210 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first virus identified

A

Tobacco mosaic disease

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2
Q

What is a virus

A

Genetic element encapsulated in a protein shell

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3
Q

Can DNA and RNA be in the same virus

A

No

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4
Q

What is on a naked virus

A

Just protein

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5
Q

What is on an eveloped virus?

A

Lipids

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6
Q

Why aren’t viruses alive?

A

They don’t have independent metabolism

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7
Q

Why does a virus need a host?

A

Energy and protein synthesis

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8
Q

What does a virus need for energy and protein synthesis

A

Host

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9
Q

What is the extracellular form of a virus called?

A

Virion

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10
Q

Do viruses affect all life forms?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What microscopy would be used to view a virus?

A

Transmission electron microscopy because it is very small

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12
Q

What kind of microscope cannot be used to see a virus?

A

Light microscope

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13
Q

The Larger the genome, the what?

A

More protein they’ll have

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14
Q

What is a capsid made of?

A

Protein subunit(s) called capsomeres

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15
Q

How does a capsid assemble?

A

Either self assembly or requires the host

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16
Q

What is a genome

A

DNA or RNA → 1 or more fragment

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17
Q

What are the 2 primary shapes of a virion?

A

Rod → helical symmetry
Spherical → icosahedral symmetry

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18
Q

Which primary shape requires more protein? Why?

A

Icosahedral → to make a more complex capsid

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19
Q

What’s the simplest and most effective arrangement. Why?

A

Icosahedral symmetry → fewer capsomeres are required

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20
Q

How many protein does helical symmetry require

A

Only 1 so it is not as complex as icosahedral

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21
Q

What’s an example of a complex shape?

A

Icosahedral heal + helical tail

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22
Q

What is a complex shape?

A

Non symmetrical

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23
Q

What is the structure of a naked virus?

A

Capsid + nucleic acid

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24
Q

What is the structure of an enveloped virus

A

Membrane
Capsid
Nucleic acid

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25
Q

Where does the phospholipid belayer come from?

A

Host

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26
Q

What are fibrils

A

Peptidoglycan like polymers on amoeba viruses

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27
Q

What are glycoprotein spikes for?

A

Interaction with hosts

28
Q

What is a spike protein?

A

Protein on the surface of viruses

29
Q

Are there other things than just nucleic acid within a virion

A

Yes → can be enzymes

30
Q

Why arent viruses a part of the tree of life

A

They have no rna → can’t classify them

31
Q

What is the difference between a virus and a disease

A

Disease shows symptoms → virus is what you have

32
Q

How do we classify viruses? (4)

A

Fast evolution (families and genera)
Nucleic acid type and how it replicates
Naked or enveloped
Baltimore classification

33
Q

What does the Baltimore classification demonstrate?

A

Nuclei’s acid type and replication

34
Q

What does the Baltimore classification demonstrate?

A

Nuclei’s acid type and replication

35
Q

How many groups of Baltimore classification are there?

A

7 groups

36
Q

How do pages infect bacteria? (5)

A
  1. Attachment
  2. penetration
  3. Biosynthesis
  4. Maturation
  5. Lysis
37
Q

Why do licit viruses exhibit a one step growth curve?

A

Lyric viruses are only released all at once

38
Q

How do phages infect bacteria?

A

Receptors

39
Q

What are the unique receptors of gram positive bacteria?

A

Cell wall, LTA, WTA

40
Q

What are the unique receptors of gram negative bacteria?

A

Pili
Porin
LPS
CPS
EPS

41
Q

What receptor do both gram negative and gram positive have?

A

Flagellum

42
Q

How do temperate phases infect bacteria

A

They go through a Lysogenic and lytic life cycle

43
Q

How do temperate phases infect bacteria

A

They go through a Lysogenic and lytic life cycle

44
Q

What is a lysogen

A

A bacterium that has the temperate phages bacteria integrated into its bacterial genome

45
Q

What is Lysogenic or phage conversion?

A

The new phage changes the phenotype Of the lysogen

46
Q

What happens if there is no phage

A

No disease

47
Q

What is the lysogenic cycle

A

A phage integrating its genome into a bacterial chromosome

48
Q

Where does the Baltimore classification come in?

A

During biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells

49
Q

What does penetration look like for eukaryotic cells and naked viruses

A

Endocytosis

50
Q

What does penetration look like for eukaryotic cells and enveloped viruses

A

Membrane fusion

51
Q

What is tissue tropism

A

The preferences of a virus to infect specific types of tissues or cells within a host organism

52
Q

How does a naked virus release mature viruses

A

Lysis that will destroy host cells and cause tissue damage

53
Q

How does an enveloped virus release mature viruses

A

Buds out through host membrane and host cell may survive

54
Q

Which form of virus has continued slow release (potentially for life)

A

Enveloped viruses

55
Q

What is a latent virus

A

A virus that is dormant and reactivates

56
Q

What is a chronic virus?

A

Not eliminated and there is a continuous production of viral particles

57
Q

What are the 3 outcomes for viral infections

A

Latent
Chronic
Cancer

58
Q

What does a virus need to grow

A

Host cells

59
Q

What is formed after the lysis of a host cell

A

A plaque

60
Q

Does a lysogenic infection always result in lysis?

A

No

61
Q

What’s unique about the central dogma for viruses?

A

DNA or RNA can be a starting point

62
Q

Can viruses replicate both DNA and RNA?

A

Yes

63
Q

when are plaques formed

A

during lysis

64
Q

viral infection steps in order (6)

A

attachment
penetration
uncoating
biosyntheses
assembly
release

65
Q

what is a prophage

A

bacteriophage that is integrated in a bacterial chromosome

66
Q

what is a virulent phage

A

bacteriophage that displays a lytic life cycle

BMSC 210 (10 decks)

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