Module 3 Flashcards
what is catabolism
breaking things to obtain energy
what is anabolism
building things - requires energy
what is a heterotroph
something that gets their carbon from organic compounds
what is an autotroph
something that gets their carbon from CO2
what do enzymes lower
activation energy
what’s the most effective ay for bacteria to generate energy
respiration
whats the most efficient producer of ATP and energy
aerobic respiration
what is the ONLY final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
what does fermentation break down
organic compounds
does fermentation require oxygen?
no, but it is fine with it
what are the end goals of fermentation?
substrate level phosphorylation
regeneration of NAD+
ATP synthesis
why is fermentation different than respiration?
there is no respiratory chain - no outside acceptor molecule
what’s it called to produce 1 fermentation product?
homofermentation
what’s its called to produce 2 different fermentation products
heterofermentation
what is needed for fermentation to occur
an organic electron donor + acceptor
what are the 3 types of phosphorylation?
substrate level phosphorylation
photophosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
what is nitrogen fixation
using atmospheric Nitrogen to create organic nitrogen
what does the citric acid cycle do?
fixes CO2
can bacteria and archaea fix nitrogen themselves
yes
what is elongation?
bacteria will get longer \
what is segregation?
long cell with chromosomes at opposite poles
what is a z ring formation?
to create the septum - it is a complex protein around the circumferance
what are the steps of biofilm formation
attachment
growth
maturation
detachment
is microscopy total cell count or viable?
total cell count
Coulter counter total cell count or viable?
total cell count
dilution / plating total cell count or viable?
viable !
what does CFU stand for ?
colony forming units
when do counts show up as CFU?
during viable counts
most probable number total cell count or viable?
viable but not as good
turbidimetric total cell count or viable?
total cell count
what happens in the log phase?
cells getting ready
what happens in the Lag phase?
rapid increase in number of living bacterial cells
what happens in the stationary phase?
rate of cell division and death is pretty much equal
what happens in the death phase?
major death rates in bacterial cells
auxotroph
requires certain things because it doesn’t make them
phototroph
self sufficient (they good at making their own stuff)
eutrophs
grow in high levels of nutrients
oligotrophy
require low levels of nutrients to grow
defined media
know exactly what went in
complexed medium
composition is unknown
minimal medium
just meets the requirements
selective medium
restricts groet or unfavourable and favours growth of desirables
differential medium
distinguishes 2 types
obligate aerobes
aerobic respiration only
obligate anaerobes
anaerobic resp or fermentation
facultative anaerobes
anaerobic reps and fermentation
aerotolerant anaerobes
fermentation
microaerophiles
aerobic respiration
what does oxygen lead to
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
psychrophile
cold loving (-10-15)
mesophile
medium ones (10 -50)
thermophile
love warmth (40-85)
hyperthermophile
love SUPER hot (65-110)
acidophile
ph 1-5 (like acidic)
neutrophile
ph 5-9
alkaliphile
ph 7-12 (like basic)
non halophiles
don’t like salt much (0-0.3)
halotolerants
prefer lower levels of salt but are fine with higher (0.3-0.8)ha
halophiles
need high salt (0.8-3.4)
Extreme halophile
Need tons of salt (3.4 - 5.1)
