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BMSC 210 > Module 11 pt 3 > Flashcards

Module 11 pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

do bacterial virulence factors vary depending on the bacterium

A

yes

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2
Q

what does invassivess require

A

a pathogen to break down host tissue - usually requires an enzyme

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3
Q

what are exoenzymes

A

extracellular enzymes

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4
Q

what are some tissue destroying enzymes

A

hyaluronidase
coagulase
streptokinase

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5
Q

what pathogens use coagulase

A

staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

what pathogen uses streptokinase

A

streptococcus pyogens

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7
Q

what are exotoxins

A

toxic proteins released from the pathogen as it grows

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8
Q

what are the three categories of exotoxins

A

cytolytic toxins
AB toxins
Superantigen toxins

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9
Q

toxicity

A

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease as a result of a preformed toxin that inhibits host function or kills host cells

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10
Q

what are cytolytic exotoxins

A

work by degrading cytoplasmic membrane integrity

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11
Q

what do cytolytic exotoxins cause

A

cell lysis and death

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12
Q

what are toxins that lyse red blood cells called

A

hemolysins

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13
Q

what kills nucleated cells and lyses erythrocytes

A

staphylococcal a-toxin

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14
Q

what makes alpha toxins

A

staphorius (staphylococcus aureus(

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15
Q

what is hemolysis

A

series of lysis that disrupts the membrane

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16
Q

what are AB exotoxins

A

two covalently bonded subunit - 1 active and one for binding

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17
Q

what are super antigen exotoxins

A

they activate a ton (too many) T cells at once

confused immune system

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18
Q

which intracellular target toxins activate adenylate cyclase of intestinal cells (cause diarrhea)

A

cholera toxin
vibrio cholerae

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19
Q

which intracellular target toxins inhibit release of neurotransmitters causing spastic paralysis

A

tetanus toxin

clostridium tetani

20
Q

which intracellular target toxins inhibits acetylcholine release (flaccid paralysis)

A

botulinum toxin

clostridium botulinum

21
Q

which intracellular target toxins inhibit protein synthesis

A

diphtheria toxin

22
Q

what phyla is cortynbacterium diphtheria under

A

actinobacteria

23
Q

what is dipheria exotoxin an example of

A

phage conversion

24
Q

what other toxins inhibit protein synthesis or are AB toxins

A

P. auruginosa
shiga toxins
shiga like

25
Q
A
26
Q

what are the neurological exotoxins

A

clostridium tetani
clostridium botulinum

27
Q

what kind of exotoxin is tetanus toxin

A

AB protein neurotoxin

28
Q

what are enterotoxins

A

exotoxins whose activity affects the small intestine

29
Q

what do enterotoxins do

A

cause massive secretion of fluid into the intestinal lumen - resulting in vomiting and diarrhea

30
Q

what type of exotoxin is cholera enterotoxin

A

AB type exotoxin

31
Q

what is the cholera toxin made by

A

vibrio cholerae

32
Q

what are the 2 major producers of exotoxin super antigens

A

gram positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

33
Q

what are endotoxins

A

on gram negative bacteria (membrane) and not treatable

34
Q

what is the toxic portion of endotoxins

A

lipid a

35
Q

are exotoxins or endotoxins more toxic

A

exotoxins

36
Q

how can the presence of an endotoxin be detected

A

limulus amoebocyte lysate assay

37
Q

what are exotoxins made up of

A

proteins

38
Q

what are endotoxins made up of

A

lipopolysaccharides

39
Q

are exotoxins gram positive or gram negative

A

both

40
Q

are endotoxins gram negative or gram positive

A

gram negative

41
Q

which toxin is heat stable

A

endotoxins

42
Q

which toxin is specific

A

exotoxin

43
Q

which toxin is more toxic

A

exotoxin

44
Q

which toxin does not produce a fever

A

exotoxin

45
Q

what are proteases

A

virulence factors that break down host antibodies to evade phagocytosis

46
Q

whats a notable capsule producing pathogen

A

streptococcus pneumonia

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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