Module 11 pt 3 Flashcards
do bacterial virulence factors vary depending on the bacterium
yes
what does invassivess require
a pathogen to break down host tissue - usually requires an enzyme
what are exoenzymes
extracellular enzymes
what are some tissue destroying enzymes
hyaluronidase
coagulase
streptokinase
what pathogens use coagulase
staphylococcus aureus
what pathogen uses streptokinase
streptococcus pyogens
what are exotoxins
toxic proteins released from the pathogen as it grows
what are the three categories of exotoxins
cytolytic toxins
AB toxins
Superantigen toxins
toxicity
the ability of a microorganism to cause disease as a result of a preformed toxin that inhibits host function or kills host cells
what are cytolytic exotoxins
work by degrading cytoplasmic membrane integrity
what do cytolytic exotoxins cause
cell lysis and death
what are toxins that lyse red blood cells called
hemolysins
what kills nucleated cells and lyses erythrocytes
staphylococcal a-toxin
what makes alpha toxins
staphorius (staphylococcus aureus(
what is hemolysis
series of lysis that disrupts the membrane
what are AB exotoxins
two covalently bonded subunit - 1 active and one for binding
what are super antigen exotoxins
they activate a ton (too many) T cells at once
confused immune system
which intracellular target toxins activate adenylate cyclase of intestinal cells (cause diarrhea)
cholera toxin
vibrio cholerae
which intracellular target toxins inhibit release of neurotransmitters causing spastic paralysis
tetanus toxin
clostridium tetani
which intracellular target toxins inhibits acetylcholine release (flaccid paralysis)
botulinum toxin
clostridium botulinum
which intracellular target toxins inhibit protein synthesis
diphtheria toxin
what phyla is cortynbacterium diphtheria under
actinobacteria
what is dipheria exotoxin an example of
phage conversion
what other toxins inhibit protein synthesis or are AB toxins
P. auruginosa
shiga toxins
shiga like
what are the neurological exotoxins
clostridium tetani
clostridium botulinum
what kind of exotoxin is tetanus toxin
AB protein neurotoxin
what are enterotoxins
exotoxins whose activity affects the small intestine
what do enterotoxins do
cause massive secretion of fluid into the intestinal lumen - resulting in vomiting and diarrhea
what type of exotoxin is cholera enterotoxin
AB type exotoxin
what is the cholera toxin made by
vibrio cholerae
what are the 2 major producers of exotoxin super antigens
gram positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes
what are endotoxins
on gram negative bacteria (membrane) and not treatable
what is the toxic portion of endotoxins
lipid a
are exotoxins or endotoxins more toxic
exotoxins
how can the presence of an endotoxin be detected
limulus amoebocyte lysate assay
what are exotoxins made up of
proteins
what are endotoxins made up of
lipopolysaccharides
are exotoxins gram positive or gram negative
both
are endotoxins gram negative or gram positive
gram negative
which toxin is heat stable
endotoxins
which toxin is specific
exotoxin
which toxin is more toxic
exotoxin
which toxin does not produce a fever
exotoxin
what are proteases
virulence factors that break down host antibodies to evade phagocytosis
whats a notable capsule producing pathogen
streptococcus pneumonia
