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BMSC 210 > module 11 pt 2 > Flashcards

module 11 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pathogen

A

microbial parasites that cause disease or tissue damage in a host

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2
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability of a parasite to inflict damage on a host

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3
Q

virulence

A

the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease

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4
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

causes disease only in absence of normal host resistance

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5
Q

infection

A

microorganism is established and growing in a host, whether or not the host is harmed

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6
Q

disease

A

damage or injury to the host that impairs host function

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7
Q

what is an ID

A

the minimum number of organisms required to cause an infection in the host

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8
Q

what are the pathogens various stargetegies to establish virulence

A

adherence
invasion
multiplication

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9
Q

how effective is adherence ?

A

it is necessary, but not sufficient to start disease

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10
Q

what do bacteria and viruses normally adhere to?

A

epithelial cells

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11
Q

what can biofilm growth be

A

adhesion factor

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12
Q

what do fimbriae do

A

promote adherence

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13
Q

what helps microbial adherence to host tissues

A

capsules and fimbriae

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14
Q

whats an example of a bacteria that uses capsules to prevent phagocytosis

A

S. pneumonia

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15
Q

what are adhesions

A

glycoprotein or lipoproteins found on the pathogens surface that enable it to bind to host cells

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16
Q

how does N gonorrhoea adhere

A

mucosal epithelial cells
opa protein and pili

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17
Q

how do pathogens adhere to host

A

specific receptor molecules on the cells surface

18
Q

why does neisseria gonorrhoea adhere only to mucosal epithelial cells in the genital tract, eye, rectum, and throat

A

Opa surface proteins bind to CD66 host protein found on the surface of urogenital epithelial cells

19
Q

what is colonization

A

the growth of microorganisms after they’ve gained access to host tissues

20
Q

when does biofilm formation happen (stages?)

A

in colonization

21
Q

what are the 2 key microorganisms that contribute to dental caries

A

lactic acid bacteria S. sobrinus and S. mutans

22
Q

how do S. sobrinus attach

A

it has a capsule adhesion that is specific for host salivary glycoproteins

23
Q

how do S. mutans attach

A

produces dextran to adhere to teeth

24
Q

what allows for the production of the capsule and dextran

A

sugar

25
Q

is the infection ion process considered disease

A

no because it is growing but might not cause disease (disease is when the growing in host causes damage and injury that impairs host function)

26
Q

what do most pathogens depend on

A

nutrients availability

27
Q

what is bacteremia

A

the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

28
Q

what is septicemia

A

blood borne systemic infection

29
Q

what can septicemia lead to

A

massive inflammation
septic shock and death

30
Q

what is invasion

A

the ability of a pathogen to spread and cause disease (growth in host tissue at densities that inhibit host function)

31
Q

what are the enzymes that enhance virulence by breaking down or altering host tissue to provide access to nutrients (5)

A

hyaluronidase
collagenase
protease
nuclease
lipase

32
Q

what protects the pathogen by interfering with normal host defence mechanisms such as clotting

A

coagulase - produced by S. aureus

33
Q

what are salmonella pathogenicity islands

A

distinct genomic regions that contain clusters of genes responsible for virulence

34
Q

where are salmonella pathogenicity islands located

A

usually on bacterial chromosomes

35
Q

how are SPIs typically queried

A

horizontal gene transfer

36
Q

what do SP1 do

A

invade host cells and change its function to promote bacterial entry

37
Q

what do SP2s do

A

involved in survival and replication in host cells such as macrophages

38
Q

attenuation

A

the decrease or loss of virulence

39
Q

what is attenuation used for

A

virulence in vaccine production

40
Q

how does attenuation work

A

when pathogens are kept in laboratory culture their virulence decreases

BMSC 210 (16 decks)

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