Module 1

Question 1

What is the miasma theory?

Answer 1

Infectious diseases were caused by bad air emitted by rotting organic matter

Question 2

What is the theory of spontaneous generation?

Answer 2

That living organisms arise from non living matter. Ex. Frogs come from mud / flies come from rotting meat

Question 3

What event is considered to have started the field of microbiology?

Answer 3

The invention of the microscope

Question 4

Who are the grandfathers of microbiology?

Answer 4

Robert Hooke and Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

What did Louis Pasteur contribute to?

Answer 5

Fermentation and pasteurization

Question 6

What did Robert Koch contribute to?

Answer 6

He established that bacteria is the cause of infectious disease

Question 7

Who are the two microbiologists that helped microbial ecology?

Answer 7

Sergei winogradsky + martinus beijerinck

Question 8

Why are viruses absent from the tree of life?

Answer 8

Not cellular microbes and they lack ribosomal DNA

Question 9

What did Carl worse do?

Answer 9

He came up with the 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, eukarya)

Question 10

How to tell which is more close related?

Answer 10

Genus - family name

Question 11

Which is 70s rRNA

Answer 11

Prokaryotes

Question 12

Which is 80s rRNA

Answer 12

Eukaryotes

Question 13

What does magnification do?

Answer 13

Enlarges the image to see details

Question 14

What does resolution do

Answer 14

Distinguishes 2 adjacent objects

Question 15

What does contrast do

Answer 15

Differs the brightness between structures

Question 16

What makes an image sharper

Answer 16

Resolution + contrast

Question 17

What is brightfield (2)

Answer 17

• Light microscope
• dark image on a light background

Question 18

What needs to happen to make brightfield affective?

Answer 18

Cells need to be stained

Question 19

What does a basic stain, stain?

Answer 19

Negatively charged things

Question 20

What does an acid stain, stain?

Answer 20

Positively charged things

Question 21

What does a negative stain, stain?

Answer 21

The background

Question 22

What colour is gram positive

Answer 22

Purple

Question 23

What colour is gram negative

Answer 23

Pink

Question 24

What colour is acid fast positive?

Answer 24

Pink (wax prevents decolourizing action)

Question 25

What colour is acid fast negative?

Answer 25

Purple (no wax layer)

Question 26

What is darkfield (how does it appear)

Answer 26

Bright object on a dark background

Question 27

How does phase contrast appear?

Answer 27

A white glow on objects on a dark background

Question 28

Which light microscope shows spores?

Answer 28

Phase contrast

Question 29

Is shorter or longer wavelength better for resolution and magnification on a microscope?

Answer 29

Short

Question 30

Is the sample dead or alive for electron microscopy

Answer 30

Dead

Question 31

What is SEM

Answer 31

Surface of cell
Elections bounce on sample
Image of surface (3D)

Question 32

What is TEM

Answer 32

High resolution (no pixles)
Shows inside of specimen

Question 33

Does fluorescence microscopy use samples that are alive or dead

Answer 33

Either

Question 34

Does darkfield use samples that are dead or alive

Answer 34

Alive

Question 35

If a sample needs to be alive and stained, what are the microscope options?

Answer 35

Fluorescent