Module 1 Flashcards
What is the miasma theory?
Infectious diseases were caused by bad air emitted by rotting organic matter
What is the theory of spontaneous generation?
That living organisms arise from non living matter. Ex. Frogs come from mud / flies come from rotting meat
What event is considered to have started the field of microbiology?
The invention of the microscope
Who are the grandfathers of microbiology?
Robert Hooke and Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
What did Louis Pasteur contribute to?
Fermentation and pasteurization
What did Robert Koch contribute to?
He established that bacteria is the cause of infectious disease
Who are the two microbiologists that helped microbial ecology?
Sergei winogradsky + martinus beijerinck
Why are viruses absent from the tree of life?
Not cellular microbes and they lack ribosomal DNA
What did Carl worse do?
He came up with the 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, eukarya)
How to tell which is more close related?
Genus - family name
Which is 70s rRNA
Prokaryotes
Which is 80s rRNA
Eukaryotes
What does magnification do?
Enlarges the image to see details
What does resolution do
Distinguishes 2 adjacent objects
What does contrast do
Differs the brightness between structures
What makes an image sharper
Resolution + contrast
What is brightfield (2)
- Light microscope
- dark image on a light background
What needs to happen to make brightfield affective?
Cells need to be stained
What does a basic stain, stain?
Negatively charged things
What does an acid stain, stain?
Positively charged things
What does a negative stain, stain?
The background
What colour is gram positive
Purple
What colour is gram negative
Pink
What colour is acid fast positive?
Pink (wax prevents decolourizing action)
What colour is acid fast negative?
Purple (no wax layer)
What is darkfield (how does it appear)
Bright object on a dark background
How does phase contrast appear?
A white glow on objects on a dark background
Which light microscope shows spores?
Phase contrast
Is shorter or longer wavelength better for resolution and magnification on a microscope?
Short
Is the sample dead or alive for electron microscopy
Dead
What is SEM
Surface of cell
Elections bounce on sample
Image of surface (3D)
What is TEM
High resolution (no pixles)
Shows inside of specimen
Does fluorescence microscopy use samples that are alive or dead
Either
Does darkfield use samples that are dead or alive
Alive
If a sample needs to be alive and stained, what are the microscope options?
Fluorescent
