Module 8

Question 1

Personality is…

Answer 1

a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 2

Personality is _______, ______, and ________.

Answer 2

Enduring, psychophysical, and dynamic

Question 3

The conscious mind is the part of your mind that includes…

Answer 3

those things of which you are aware.

Question 4

The preconscious part of your mind includes…

Answer 4

those things of which you could be aware, but aren’t right now.

Question 5

What is the superego

Answer 5

Spanning across the levels of consciousness, the superego operates on the morality principle.

Question 6

When and how does the superego develop?

Answer 6

It develops during childhood in response to parental and societal influences, internalizing society’s rules of conduct.

Question 7

What is the Ego?

Answer 7

The ego is a largely conscious system that serves to regulate conflicts between the id and superego. It operates on the reality principle – attempting to achieve a compromise between one’s desires and what society expects.

Question 8

What is the Id?

Answer 8

According to Freud, the id is the part of the mind that is entirely unconscious. It operates on the Pleasure Principle that drives a person to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

Question 9

The unconscious part of your mind includes…

Answer 9

information that us fully outside your awareness.

Question 10

What is repression?

Answer 10

Active forgetting. Rather than try to deal with or accept a thought, you just shut it away in the deep recesses of the unconscious, outside of awareness

Question 11

Is Freud’s idea of repressions supported by modern evidence?

Answer 11

Not really. Though it is very hard to study, the little evidence we have points towards it being false.
Most of the trouble people have with traumatic events stems from people inability to forget it.

Question 12

What is reaction formation?

Answer 12

you fight against a temptation or impulse by taking the opposing position to it. Sometimes, this means that you not only refuse to allow yourself to indulge the impulse, you become a staunch opponent to it and respond aggressively towards others who do engage in the behavior.

Question 13

What is unconditional positive regard

Answer 13

the idea that an individual should be accepted and supported, regardless of what they say, do, or intend/want to do

Question 14

Personality theories tend to take one of two approaches…

Answer 14

either focusing on the individual alone, or focusing on how that individual compares to others.

Question 15

an Ideographic approach attempts to…

Answer 15

understand the individual as an individual

Question 16

the Nomothetic approach attempts to…

Answer 16

understand individuals as they compare to others

Question 17

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 17

Openness to new experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 18

People who are _______ (high/low) in trait ___________ tend to be comfortable with the unfamiliar, more willing to accept ideas outside of their own belief system, and are very intellectually curious

Answer 18

High, Openness to new experience

Question 19

People who are _______(high/low) in trait ____________ tend to prefer the familiar. They have a routine and they stick to it and they can be fairly close-minded.

Answer 19

Low, Openness to new experience

Question 20

_______ (High/low) _____________ individuals tend to be very planful and organized, set long-term goals, and find little difficulty pursuing those goals

Answer 20

High, Conscientiousness

Question 21

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ make decisions impulsively and act on a whim. They are disorganized and have difficulty setting and pursuing plans.

Answer 21

Low, Conscientiousness

Question 22

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend to seek out others because they find social contact energizing

Answer 22

High, Extraversion

Question 23

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ find being around others tiring. As such, they often need some quiet alone time to recharge

Answer 23

Low, Extraversion

Question 24

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend to be very warm, affectionate, helpful, and cooperative. They engage in a high rate of prosocial behaviors and show a great deal of empathy and concern for others.

Answer 24

High, Agreeableness

Question 25

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend trust others very little and are highly skeptical. They are very shrewd, aggressive, manipulative, and calculating in their negotiations and interactions with others and take a winner-take-all approach.

Answer 25

Low, Agreeableness

Question 26

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ experience a high degree of stress in their day-to-day life. They are very motivated by the prospect of failure and work hard to avoid such outcomes.

Answer 26

High, Neuroticism

Question 27

People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ are very calm and take everything in stride. Very little stresses them out.

Answer 27

Low, Neuroticism

Question 28

What is a strong situation?

Answer 28

one that involves lots of rules and requires a great deal of control over behavior

Question 29

What is a weak situation?

Answer 29

one that has few rules — individual personalities are able to come out

Question 30

In what three ways can personality affect the world around us?

Answer 30

Selection, Evocation, Manipulation