Module 8 Flashcards
Personality is…
a person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Personality is _______, ______, and ________.
Enduring, psychophysical, and dynamic
The conscious mind is the part of your mind that includes…
those things of which you are aware.
The preconscious part of your mind includes…
those things of which you could be aware, but aren’t right now.
What is the superego
Spanning across the levels of consciousness, the superego operates on the morality principle.
When and how does the superego develop?
It develops during childhood in response to parental and societal influences, internalizing society’s rules of conduct.
What is the Ego?
The ego is a largely conscious system that serves to regulate conflicts between the id and superego. It operates on the reality principle – attempting to achieve a compromise between one’s desires and what society expects.
What is the Id?
According to Freud, the id is the part of the mind that is entirely unconscious. It operates on the Pleasure Principle that drives a person to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
The unconscious part of your mind includes…
information that us fully outside your awareness.
What is repression?
Active forgetting. Rather than try to deal with or accept a thought, you just shut it away in the deep recesses of the unconscious, outside of awareness
Is Freud’s idea of repressions supported by modern evidence?
Not really. Though it is very hard to study, the little evidence we have points towards it being false.
Most of the trouble people have with traumatic events stems from people inability to forget it.
What is reaction formation?
you fight against a temptation or impulse by taking the opposing position to it. Sometimes, this means that you not only refuse to allow yourself to indulge the impulse, you become a staunch opponent to it and respond aggressively towards others who do engage in the behavior.
What is unconditional positive regard
the idea that an individual should be accepted and supported, regardless of what they say, do, or intend/want to do
Personality theories tend to take one of two approaches…
either focusing on the individual alone, or focusing on how that individual compares to others.
an Ideographic approach attempts to…
understand the individual as an individual
the Nomothetic approach attempts to…
understand individuals as they compare to others
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Openness to new experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
People who are _______ (high/low) in trait ___________ tend to be comfortable with the unfamiliar, more willing to accept ideas outside of their own belief system, and are very intellectually curious
High, Openness to new experience
People who are _______(high/low) in trait ____________ tend to prefer the familiar. They have a routine and they stick to it and they can be fairly close-minded.
Low, Openness to new experience
_______ (High/low) _____________ individuals tend to be very planful and organized, set long-term goals, and find little difficulty pursuing those goals
High, Conscientiousness
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ make decisions impulsively and act on a whim. They are disorganized and have difficulty setting and pursuing plans.
Low, Conscientiousness
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend to seek out others because they find social contact energizing
High, Extraversion
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ find being around others tiring. As such, they often need some quiet alone time to recharge
Low, Extraversion
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend to be very warm, affectionate, helpful, and cooperative. They engage in a high rate of prosocial behaviors and show a great deal of empathy and concern for others.
High, Agreeableness
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ tend trust others very little and are highly skeptical. They are very shrewd, aggressive, manipulative, and calculating in their negotiations and interactions with others and take a winner-take-all approach.
Low, Agreeableness
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ experience a high degree of stress in their day-to-day life. They are very motivated by the prospect of failure and work hard to avoid such outcomes.
High, Neuroticism
People who are _______ (high/low) in ________ are very calm and take everything in stride. Very little stresses them out.
Low, Neuroticism
What is a strong situation?
one that involves lots of rules and requires a great deal of control over behavior
What is a weak situation?
one that has few rules — individual personalities are able to come out
In what three ways can personality affect the world around us?
Selection, Evocation, Manipulation
