Module 1

Question 1

How did Plato contribute to phycology

Answer 1

Plato developed the first model of human motivation. Dividing the mind into animal-like urges, and rational responses. Similar to the modern idea of conscious and subconscious.

Question 2

How did Aristotle contribute to phycology

Answer 2

He argued that “nurturance” (early human experiences) played a role in the development of characteristics. This set the stage for the nature/nurture debate.

Question 3

How did Galen contribute to phycology

Answer 3

Galen argued that the persons personality would result from the “four humors”

Question 4

What are the four humors (delete)

Answer 4

Blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile

Question 5

How did Al-kindi contribute to phycology

Answer 5

He discussed the idea that someone’s thoughts about an event can effect their mood as much (if not more) than the event itself. An idea echoed in modern cognitive phycology

Question 6

How is rationalism different from empiricism

Answer 6

Rationalism relies on debate, whereas empiricism relies on evidence

Question 7

What issues do rationalism create

Answer 7

The ideas of whoever is the best at arguing wins

Question 8

What is phycology

Answer 8

The science of behavior, the mind, and the brain.

Question 9

Behavior is…

Answer 9

any action that can be observed and recorded

Question 10

Most phycologists study ______

Answer 10

Behavior

Question 11

In what four ways do psychologists observe behavior

Answer 11

1) Naturalistic observation
2) Interviews and questionnaires
3) Laboratory tasks
4) Specialized instruments

Question 12

What is Naturalistic observation

Answer 12

Observing a behavior in it’s natural habitat

Question 13

What is a laboratory task

Answer 13

A simple task used to track a behavior in a lab.

Question 14

Any study of the mind involves…

Answer 14

A persons mental process, or subjective internal experience

Question 15

What three things do phycologists study

Answer 15

Brian, Mind, Behavior

Question 16

What ideas is Francis Bacon known for

Answer 16

Knowledge is gained from what we observe from what we learn and experience with our senses

Question 17

What ideas is John Locke known for

Answer 17

The theory of tabula rasa (or blank slate). It states that people are born with minds that are blank slates, and therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception.

Question 18

What ideas is John Stuart Mill known for

Answer 18

Emphasizing observation and experimentation

Question 19

The leaders of the structuralist school are

Answer 19

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener

Question 20

What is the foundational idea of structuralism

Answer 20

That, through introspection, experiences could be broken down into their constituent parts

Question 21

What are some (4) of the limitations of introspection

Answer 21

1) People have different experiences
2) People use language differently when describing those experiences
3) Many mental processes occur without awareness, so introspection cannot reveal anything about them
4) Introspection cannot be used in young children or animals

Question 22

What is the core idea of Functionalists

Answer 22

That you mind should be studied by looking at how it works, its function.

Question 23

Which theory influenced William James when he developed functionalism

Answer 23

Evolutionary theory

Question 24

Gestalt psychologists said people’s introspection couldn’t be trusted because…

Answer 24

People see their subjective reality, not how the world actually is

Question 25

What is the core idea of Gestalt psychologists

Answer 25

That you must consider the individual as a whole, rather then the sum of individually measured parts

Question 26

Which school of thought emphasized studying the individual as a whole, rather than breaking it down into it’s constituent parts?

Answer 26

Gestalt Psychology

Question 27

Which school of thought believed that psychology should investigate the purpose of mental processes rather than their form?

Answer 27

Functionalism

Question 28

Which school of thought believed mental processes should be studied by breaking it into its component parts?

Answer 28

Structuralism

Question 29

Which school of thought was heavily influenced by evolutionary theory?

Answer 29

Functionalism

Question 30

Which school of thought focused on the subjective nature of perception?

Answer 30

Gestalt Psychology

Question 31

What is the core idea of psychoanalysis

Answer 31

It attempts to treat mental illness by uncovering a conflicts amoung unconscious motivations

Question 32

Where do behaviorist stand on the nurture/nature debate

Answer 32

Strongly on the side of nurture

Question 33

Core idea of behaviorists

Answer 33

It is scientifically unsound to study mental events, because they cannot be observed

Question 34

What is the core idea of the cognitive revolution

Answer 34

The cognitive revolution revealed that the way people think about things influences their behavior; therefore, the field is concerned with mental functions such as thinking, perception, memory, and decision-making.

Question 35

Which school of thought emphasized the unconscious mind?

Answer 35

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 36

Which school of thought focused exclusively on observable behavior?

Answer 36

Behaviorism

Question 37

Which school of thought used introspection as a tool for studying the mind?

Answer 37

Structuralism

Question 38

Which school of thought likely emerged as a response against Behaviorism?

Answer 38

Cognitivism

Question 39

Which school of thought focused heavily on how mental processes such as memory impact behavior

Answer 39

Cognitivism

Question 40

Leyna conducts research with puppies in training to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior. In this example, Leyna is using a ________ approach in her research.

Answer 40

behaviorist

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of research done at the biological level of analysis? (delete)

Answer 41

Exploring how patterns of brain activity change under hypnosis

Question 42

Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet . . . cold, wet, tingly . . . slightly bitter,” she reports. Lassandra is engaging in:

Answer 42

introspection

Question 43

Workplace training and job placement would be of interest to which type of psychologist?

Answer 43

industrial/organizational

Question 44

Mandy is talking about her problems on a radio talk show. The host explains that these problems came about because of Mandy’s unconscious internal struggles. This explanation is consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.

Answer 44

psychoanalytic

Question 45

Guillermo spends time each day actively thinking about his significant and meaningful conscious experiences. He really tries to break it down and identify and understand what makes up each emotional or mental process. Guillermo would probably most align himself with which of the following schools of psychology?

Answer 45

structuralism

Question 46

The school of behaviorism focused on making psychology an objective science by:

Answer 46

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Question 47

Dr. Chen studies several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Doherty investigates how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Chen is a ________ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a ________.

Answer 47

personality; developmental psychologist

Question 48

According to the functionalists, the goal of psychology is to

Answer 48

identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes.

Question 49

Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?

Answer 49

to move from speculation to observation and experimentation