Module 1 Flashcards
How did Plato contribute to phycology
Plato developed the first model of human motivation. Dividing the mind into animal-like urges, and rational responses. Similar to the modern idea of conscious and subconscious.
How did Aristotle contribute to phycology
He argued that “nurturance” (early human experiences) played a role in the development of characteristics. This set the stage for the nature/nurture debate.
How did Galen contribute to phycology
Galen argued that the persons personality would result from the “four humors”
What are the four humors (delete)
Blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile
How did Al-kindi contribute to phycology
He discussed the idea that someone’s thoughts about an event can effect their mood as much (if not more) than the event itself. An idea echoed in modern cognitive phycology
How is rationalism different from empiricism
Rationalism relies on debate, whereas empiricism relies on evidence
What issues do rationalism create
The ideas of whoever is the best at arguing wins
What is phycology
The science of behavior, the mind, and the brain.
Behavior is…
any action that can be observed and recorded
Most phycologists study ______
Behavior
In what four ways do psychologists observe behavior
1) Naturalistic observation
2) Interviews and questionnaires
3) Laboratory tasks
4) Specialized instruments
What is Naturalistic observation
Observing a behavior in it’s natural habitat
What is a laboratory task
A simple task used to track a behavior in a lab.
Any study of the mind involves…
A persons mental process, or subjective internal experience
What three things do phycologists study
Brian, Mind, Behavior
What ideas is Francis Bacon known for
Knowledge is gained from what we observe from what we learn and experience with our senses
What ideas is John Locke known for
The theory of tabula rasa (or blank slate). It states that people are born with minds that are blank slates, and therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception.
What ideas is John Stuart Mill known for
Emphasizing observation and experimentation
The leaders of the structuralist school are
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener
What is the foundational idea of structuralism
That, through introspection, experiences could be broken down into their constituent parts
What are some (4) of the limitations of introspection
1) People have different experiences
2) People use language differently when describing those experiences
3) Many mental processes occur without awareness, so introspection cannot reveal anything about them
4) Introspection cannot be used in young children or animals
What is the core idea of Functionalists
That you mind should be studied by looking at how it works, its function.
Which theory influenced William James when he developed functionalism
Evolutionary theory
Gestalt psychologists said people’s introspection couldn’t be trusted because…
People see their subjective reality, not how the world actually is
What is the core idea of Gestalt psychologists
That you must consider the individual as a whole, rather then the sum of individually measured parts
Which school of thought emphasized studying the individual as a whole, rather than breaking it down into it’s constituent parts?
Gestalt Psychology
Which school of thought believed that psychology should investigate the purpose of mental processes rather than their form?
Functionalism
Which school of thought believed mental processes should be studied by breaking it into its component parts?
Structuralism
Which school of thought was heavily influenced by evolutionary theory?
Functionalism
Which school of thought focused on the subjective nature of perception?
Gestalt Psychology
What is the core idea of psychoanalysis
It attempts to treat mental illness by uncovering a conflicts amoung unconscious motivations
Where do behaviorist stand on the nurture/nature debate
Strongly on the side of nurture
Core idea of behaviorists
It is scientifically unsound to study mental events, because they cannot be observed
What is the core idea of the cognitive revolution
The cognitive revolution revealed that the way people think about things influences their behavior; therefore, the field is concerned with mental functions such as thinking, perception, memory, and decision-making.
Which school of thought emphasized the unconscious mind?
Psychoanalytic Theory
Which school of thought focused exclusively on observable behavior?
Behaviorism
Which school of thought used introspection as a tool for studying the mind?
Structuralism
Which school of thought likely emerged as a response against Behaviorism?
Cognitivism
Which school of thought focused heavily on how mental processes such as memory impact behavior
Cognitivism
Leyna conducts research with puppies in training to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior. In this example, Leyna is using a ________ approach in her research.
behaviorist
Which of the following is an example of research done at the biological level of analysis? (delete)
Exploring how patterns of brain activity change under hypnosis
Lassandra takes a sip of cola. “Sweet . . . cold, wet, tingly . . . slightly bitter,” she reports. Lassandra is engaging in:
introspection
Workplace training and job placement would be of interest to which type of psychologist?
industrial/organizational
Mandy is talking about her problems on a radio talk show. The host explains that these problems came about because of Mandy’s unconscious internal struggles. This explanation is consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.
psychoanalytic
Guillermo spends time each day actively thinking about his significant and meaningful conscious experiences. He really tries to break it down and identify and understand what makes up each emotional or mental process. Guillermo would probably most align himself with which of the following schools of psychology?
structuralism
The school of behaviorism focused on making psychology an objective science by:
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
Dr. Chen studies several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Doherty investigates how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Chen is a ________ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a ________.
personality; developmental psychologist
According to the functionalists, the goal of psychology is to
identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes.
Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?
to move from speculation to observation and experimentation
