Module 4 Flashcards
What is the difference between sensation and perception
Sensation is sensory information being turned into neural impulses, perception is neural impulses affecting the conscious perception of the world.
When communicating physical stimuli, our bodies must signal both the ________ and the _________ of the sensory experience.
quality and quantity
The sensory threshold is…
the threshold that marks when you can sense something, but not necessarily perceive it
The perceptual threshold is…
the threshold that marks when you perceive a sensation
Signal detection theory recognizes that detecting a stimulus is not an objective process. Instead, it is a subjective decision that includes two components:
1) Sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of other distractions
2) The criteria used to make the judgment from ambiguous information
What is signal detection theory?
A series of trials involving the presentation (or not) of a stimulus, with a participant who indicates whether or not they perceived that stimulus
What are the four outcomes of a signal detection theory trail?
Hit, Miss, false positive/alarm, correct rejection
Why might a persons data be thrown out of a signal detection trail?
Because they had a lot of false postives/alarms
Supraliminal stimuli to the sensory absolute threshold…
is sensed, but may or may not be perceived
Supraliminal stimuli to the perceptual absolute threshold…
is sensed and perceived
Subluminal stimuli to the sensory absolute threshold…
Is neither sensed nor perceived
Subluminal stimuli to the perceptual absolute threshold…
Is not perceived, but may or may not be sensed
What is Weber’s law
The Difference Threshold increases as the stimulus becomes more intense.
What is sensory adaptation?
sensory systems respond less and less to a constant stimulus
The cornea is responsible for…
most of the bending of light in the eye.
The Iris of the eye can…
contract to dilate the pupil or relax to constrict the pupil.
The pupil controls…
the amount of light entering the eye
To focus on far away objects, the _______ _______ ______, which causes the lens to flatten like a disc
ciliary muscles relax
The shape of the eye’s lens can be changed by the…
ciliary muscles that surround it.
There are approximately 120 million ____ in each eye
rods
There are approximately 6 million _____ in each eye
cones
The _______ is a photosensitive layer at the back of the eye
retina
The _______ is a small area in the center of the retina that contains only cones
Fovea
The optic nerve is a…
bundle of the ganglion cell axons
Ganglion cells carry…
the visual signal to the brain
The rods and cones within the retina contain ___________
photopigments
What are photopigments?
protein molecules that break down in response to light.
the left visual field is processed by the ______ hemisphere, and the right visual field is processed by the _____ hemisphere
Right; Left
True or False: the left eye sends signals to the right hemisphere, and the right eye sends signals to the left
False, each eye sends information to each hemisphere
The Ventral Pathway is specialized for…
identifying objects and their features (colors, shapes, etc.) (“What” Pathway)
The Dorsal Pathway is specialized for…
locating objects and perceiving motion (“Where” Pathway)
The dorsal pathway runs to the ______ lobe
parietal
The Ventral Pathway runs to the ______ lobe
temporal
S-cones are most sensitive to ______ wavelengths of light corresponding to…
shorter; violent and blue hues
M-cones are most sensitive to ________ wavelengths of light, including…
medium; cyan, green, and yellow light
L-cones are most sensitive to ____ wavelengths of light, including…
long; yellow, orange, and red
Waves of lower amplitude produce ______ light
dimmer
Waves of higher amplitude produce _____ light.
brighter
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are…
three small bones inside your ear that vibrate when impacted by sound waves.
Inattentional blindness occurs when we…
fail to see visible objects in the the visual field because we are not attending to them
Change blindness occurs when a…
visual change is introduced while our vision is blocked
One way we organize our perceptions is through perceptual grouping…
we group things that are close together and/or similar to one another
