Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception

A

Sensation is sensory information being turned into neural impulses, perception is neural impulses affecting the conscious perception of the world.

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2
Q

When communicating physical stimuli, our bodies must signal both the ________ and the _________ of the sensory experience.

A

quality and quantity

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3
Q

The sensory threshold is…

A

the threshold that marks when you can sense something, but not necessarily perceive it

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4
Q

The perceptual threshold is…

A

the threshold that marks when you perceive a sensation

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5
Q

Signal detection theory recognizes that detecting a stimulus is not an objective process. Instead, it is a subjective decision that includes two components:

A

1) Sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of other distractions
2) The criteria used to make the judgment from ambiguous information

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6
Q

What is signal detection theory?

A

A series of trials involving the presentation (or not) of a stimulus, with a participant who indicates whether or not they perceived that stimulus

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7
Q

What are the four outcomes of a signal detection theory trail?

A

Hit, Miss, false positive/alarm, correct rejection

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8
Q

Why might a persons data be thrown out of a signal detection trail?

A

Because they had a lot of false postives/alarms

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9
Q

Supraliminal stimuli to the sensory absolute threshold…

A

is sensed, but may or may not be perceived

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10
Q

Supraliminal stimuli to the perceptual absolute threshold…

A

is sensed and perceived

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11
Q

Subluminal stimuli to the sensory absolute threshold…

A

Is neither sensed nor perceived

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12
Q

Subluminal stimuli to the perceptual absolute threshold…

A

Is not perceived, but may or may not be sensed

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13
Q

What is Weber’s law

A

The Difference Threshold increases as the stimulus becomes more intense.

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14
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

sensory systems respond less and less to a constant stimulus

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15
Q

The cornea is responsible for…

A

most of the bending of light in the eye.

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16
Q

The Iris of the eye can…

A

contract to dilate the pupil or relax to constrict the pupil.

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17
Q

The pupil controls…

A

the amount of light entering the eye

18
Q

To focus on far away objects, the _______ _______ ______, which causes the lens to flatten like a disc

A

ciliary muscles relax

19
Q

The shape of the eye’s lens can be changed by the…

A

ciliary muscles that surround it.

20
Q

There are approximately 120 million ____ in each eye

21
Q

There are approximately 6 million _____ in each eye

22
Q

The _______ is a photosensitive layer at the back of the eye

23
Q

The _______ is a small area in the center of the retina that contains only cones

24
Q

The optic nerve is a…

A

bundle of the ganglion cell axons

25
Ganglion cells carry...
the visual signal to the brain
26
The rods and cones within the retina contain ___________
photopigments
27
What are photopigments?
protein molecules that break down in response to light.
28
the left visual field is processed by the ______ hemisphere, and the right visual field is processed by the _____ hemisphere
Right; Left
29
True or False: the left eye sends signals to the right hemisphere, and the right eye sends signals to the left
False, each eye sends information to each hemisphere
30
The Ventral Pathway is specialized for...
identifying objects and their features (colors, shapes, etc.) ("What" Pathway)
31
The Dorsal Pathway is specialized for...
locating objects and perceiving motion ("Where" Pathway)
32
The dorsal pathway runs to the ______ lobe
parietal
33
The Ventral Pathway runs to the ______ lobe
temporal
34
S-cones are most sensitive to ______ wavelengths of light corresponding to...
shorter; violent and blue hues
35
M-cones are most sensitive to ________ wavelengths of light, including...
medium; cyan, green, and yellow light
36
L-cones are most sensitive to ____ wavelengths of light, including...
long; yellow, orange, and red
37
Waves of lower amplitude produce ______ light
dimmer
38
Waves of higher amplitude produce _____ light.
brighter
39
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are...
three small bones inside your ear that vibrate when impacted by sound waves.
40
Inattentional blindness occurs when we...
fail to see visible objects in the the visual field because we are not attending to them
41
Change blindness occurs when a...
visual change is introduced while our vision is blocked
42
One way we organize our perceptions is through perceptual grouping...
we group things that are close together and/or similar to one another