Module 12 Flashcards
Social psychology is…
the study of human interpersonal relationships
Personality psychologists and social psychologists ask a lot of the same questions. What differentiates between the two.
Personality psychologists attempt to understand normal human behavior by looking at internal characteristics and how they influence patterns of behavior.
Whereas social psychologists prefer to look at how the outside world and other people, or the situation, shapes and influences our behavior.
When we make a dispositional attribution, we are saying that a person did a behavior because of…
their personality, their motives, their needs, or their desires
Dispositional attributions are also known as _________ _______
Internal attributions
When you make a dispositional attribution, you make what two assumptions?
1) First, your disposition, or personality, is your typical pattern of behavior.
2) Second, if someone is performing a behavior because of their personality, we assume that other people would only engage in that same behavior if they shared that personality. As such, we would assume that other people in the same circumstance would act differently. The power of the situation is weak and uncompelling.
A situational attribution is also known as ______ _______
External attributions
When you make a situational attribution, you make what two assumptions?
1) First, if you are being compelled to do something by external forces in the situation, it is likely that you are acting in a way that is not typical for you.
2) Second, if someone is performing a behavior because of the situation, we assume that other people would engage in that same behavior even if they didn’t share that personality
When a person makes a situational/external attribution, they are acting like a _______ psychologist
social
When the average person makes a dispositional/internal attribution, they are acting like a ________ psychologist
personality
When attempting to explain the behavior of others (when we are the observer), we are much more likely to rely on _______ attributions than _______ attributions
dispositional : situational
FAE stands for…
Fundamental Attribution Error
People from ______ cultures tend to make FAE more often.
individualistic
When we are the OBSERVER in a situation, we ____________ (underestimate/overestimate) situational influences and _________ (underestimate/overestimate)dispositional influences.
underestimate : overestimate
When we are the ACTOR in a situation, our attributions will depend on the outcome of the behavior. If we _______, we attribute it to our internal qualities.
succeed
What is the self-serving bias?
You apply dispositional attributions to your successes, and situational attributions to your failures
Obedience to authority is a type of social influence where people…
act in response to a direct order from another person
Conformity is a type of social influence where people…
act in accordance with a group of people who have no power over them, and have not directly to them to do so
What are the two types of social influence?
Normative and informational
What is the difference between normative and informational social influence
Normative influence, you comply – you go along while privately disagreeing.
But in the case of informational social influence, you go along because you believe that what the group is doing is correct
Informational social influence results in…
Internalization
Our likelihood of being influenced by informational social influence depends on…
The ambiguity of the situation.
Bystander apathy refers to…
The tendency for people to be less likely to help as the number of bystanders increases.
Explain Pluralistic Ignorance
In an ambiguous emergency situation –that it is unclear whether it is an emergency or not – that people will look to how others respond to decide how they should respond
Explain Diffusion of Responsibility
When there are more people witnessing an emergency, the less likely it is for people react
What are explicit attitudes
Attitudes we are aware of and can report — these are more likely to influence our consciously controlled behavior.
What are implicit attitudes
Attitudes that may exist within us but that we are not always aware of holding
people can resolve their dissonance in a variety of ways. They can…
1) change their attitude
2) change their behavior
3) rationalize or justify the inconsistency (e.g., I was forced to do it)
4) trivialize the inconsistency (e.g., why should I care? this is no big deal)
What does BIRGing stand for
basking in reflected glory
What does CORFing stand for
Cutting Off from Reflected Failure
Explain sub-typing a stereotype
when we do become aware of a person who doesn’t fit the stereotype, we tend to carve out a special spot for them in our minds (as an exception), rather than getting rid of the stereotype itself
What is a prejudice?
The attitudinal component of bias. It is comprised of your negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs that are associated with a particular group.
All forms of psychotherapy share what three
common elements…
1) hope for demoralized people
2) the possibility for a new perspective on oneself and the world
3) the experience of a caring relationship between the therapist and the client, based on empathy and trust.
What are the three types of blood stains?
1) Passive stains
2) Transfer stains
3) Projected stains
The _______ __ ______ is the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops in an impact pattern originated
area of convergence
The ______ __ ______ of an impact bloodstain pattern is the area in a three-dimensional space from which the blood was projected.
area of origin
The _____ ______ is commonly used at a crime scene to approximate the position of the area of origin using found angles of impact of individual stains in the pattern.
string method
________ ______ is fine forward spatter from an exit wound and back spatter from an entrance wound.
Gunshot spatter
The gunshot produces only back spatter if…
The bullet does not exit the body.
Depending upon the distance from the victim that the gun was discharged, some back spatter may strike the gunman and enter the gun muzzle. This is called the _________ ______.
drawback effect
A _____ pattern is created when a blood-covered object flings blood in an arc onto a nearby surface.
cast-off
______ _______ spatter is caused by an injury to the heart or a main artery and the pressure of the continued pumping.
Arterial spray
An _________ blood pattern is created by blood that is expelled from the mouth or nose from an internal injury
expirated
