Module 12

Question 1

Social psychology is…

Answer 1

the study of human interpersonal relationships

Question 2

Personality psychologists and social psychologists ask a lot of the same questions. What differentiates between the two.

Answer 2

Personality psychologists attempt to understand normal human behavior by looking at internal characteristics and how they influence patterns of behavior.
Whereas social psychologists prefer to look at how the outside world and other people, or the situation, shapes and influences our behavior.

Question 3

When we make a dispositional attribution, we are saying that a person did a behavior because of…

Answer 3

their personality, their motives, their needs, or their desires

Question 4

Dispositional attributions are also known as _________ _______

Answer 4

Internal attributions

Question 5

When you make a dispositional attribution, you make what two assumptions?

Answer 5

1) First, your disposition, or personality, is your typical pattern of behavior.
2) Second, if someone is performing a behavior because of their personality, we assume that other people would only engage in that same behavior if they shared that personality. As such, we would assume that other people in the same circumstance would act differently. The power of the situation is weak and uncompelling.

Question 6

A situational attribution is also known as ______ _______

Answer 6

External attributions

Question 7

When you make a situational attribution, you make what two assumptions?

Answer 7

1) First, if you are being compelled to do something by external forces in the situation, it is likely that you are acting in a way that is not typical for you.
2) Second, if someone is performing a behavior because of the situation, we assume that other people would engage in that same behavior even if they didn’t share that personality

Question 8

When a person makes a situational/external attribution, they are acting like a _______ psychologist

Answer 8

social

Question 9

When the average person makes a dispositional/internal attribution, they are acting like a ________ psychologist

Answer 9

personality

Question 10

When attempting to explain the behavior of others (when we are the observer), we are much more likely to rely on _______ attributions than _______ attributions

Answer 10

dispositional : situational

Question 11

FAE stands for…

Answer 11

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 12

People from ______ cultures tend to make FAE more often.

Answer 12

individualistic

Question 13

When we are the OBSERVER in a situation, we ____________ (underestimate/overestimate) situational influences and _________ (underestimate/overestimate)dispositional influences.

Answer 13

underestimate : overestimate

Question 14

When we are the ACTOR in a situation, our attributions will depend on the outcome of the behavior. If we _______, we attribute it to our internal qualities.

Answer 14

succeed

Question 15

What is the self-serving bias?

Answer 15

You apply dispositional attributions to your successes, and situational attributions to your failures

Question 16

Obedience to authority is a type of social influence where people…

Answer 16

act in response to a direct order from another person

Question 17

Conformity is a type of social influence where people…

Answer 17

act in accordance with a group of people who have no power over them, and have not directly to them to do so

Question 18

What are the two types of social influence?

Answer 18

Normative and informational

Question 19

What is the difference between normative and informational social influence

Answer 19

Normative influence, you comply – you go along while privately disagreeing.
But in the case of informational social influence, you go along because you believe that what the group is doing is correct

Question 20

Informational social influence results in…

Answer 20

Internalization

Question 21

Our likelihood of being influenced by informational social influence depends on…

Answer 21

The ambiguity of the situation.

Question 22

Bystander apathy refers to…

Answer 22

The tendency for people to be less likely to help as the number of bystanders increases.

Question 23

Explain Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 23

In an ambiguous emergency situation –that it is unclear whether it is an emergency or not – that people will look to how others respond to decide how they should respond

Question 24

Explain Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 24

When there are more people witnessing an emergency, the less likely it is for people react

Question 25

What are explicit attitudes

Answer 25

Attitudes we are aware of and can report — these are more likely to influence our consciously controlled behavior.

Question 26

What are implicit attitudes

Answer 26

Attitudes that may exist within us but that we are not always aware of holding

Question 27

people can resolve their dissonance in a variety of ways. They can…

Answer 27

1) change their attitude
2) change their behavior
3) rationalize or justify the inconsistency (e.g., I was forced to do it)
4) trivialize the inconsistency (e.g., why should I care? this is no big deal)

Question 28

What does BIRGing stand for

Answer 28

basking in reflected glory

Question 29

What does CORFing stand for

Answer 29

Cutting Off from Reflected Failure

Question 30

Explain sub-typing a stereotype

Answer 30

when we do become aware of a person who doesn’t fit the stereotype, we tend to carve out a special spot for them in our minds (as an exception), rather than getting rid of the stereotype itself

Question 31

What is a prejudice?

Answer 31

The attitudinal component of bias. It is comprised of your negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs that are associated with a particular group.

Question 32

All forms of psychotherapy share what three
common elements…

Answer 32

1) hope for demoralized people
2) the possibility for a new perspective on oneself and the world
3) the experience of a caring relationship between the therapist and the client, based on empathy and trust.

Question 33

What are the three types of blood stains?

Answer 33

1) Passive stains
2) Transfer stains
3) Projected stains

Question 34

The _______ __ ______ is the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops in an impact pattern originated

Answer 34

area of convergence

Question 35

The ______ __ ______ of an impact bloodstain pattern is the area in a three-dimensional space from which the blood was projected.

Answer 35

area of origin

Question 36

The _____ ______ is commonly used at a crime scene to approximate the position of the area of origin using found angles of impact of individual stains in the pattern.

Answer 36

string method

Question 37

________ ______ is fine forward spatter from an exit wound and back spatter from an entrance wound.

Answer 37

Gunshot spatter

Question 38

The gunshot produces only back spatter if…

Answer 38

The bullet does not exit the body.

Question 39

Depending upon the distance from the victim that the gun was discharged, some back spatter may strike the gunman and enter the gun muzzle. This is called the _________ ______.

Answer 39

drawback effect

Question 40

A _____ pattern is created when a blood-covered object flings blood in an arc onto a nearby surface.

Answer 40

cast-off

Question 41

______ _______ spatter is caused by an injury to the heart or a main artery and the pressure of the continued pumping.

Answer 41

Arterial spray

Question 42

An _________ blood pattern is created by blood that is expelled from the mouth or nose from an internal injury

Answer 42

expirated