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Phycology > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Learning is…

A

a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience, not maturation.

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2
Q

What are the three types of learning in Psychology?

A

1) Associative
2) Non-associative
3) Social (Observational)

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3
Q

Associative learning focuses on learning…

A

the predictive relationship between two events

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4
Q

There are two kinds of associative learning, ______ ______ and _________ _______

A

classical conditioning, operant conditioning

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5
Q

In ________ conditioning an originally neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response that it did not previously elicit.

A

classical

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6
Q

What is Contiguity

A

How close, in both time and space, two stimuli are presented relative to one another. It is much easier for the learner to develop an associative relationship if that contiguity is as short as possible

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7
Q

Learning happens more easily when there is _____ contiguity in time and/or space.

A

short

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8
Q

Contingency refers to…

A

the predictive probability of the UCS given the presence of the NS/CS

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9
Q

Learning happens more easily when there is a _______ contingency between the NS/CS and the UCS.

A

strong

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10
Q

Learning happens less easily when there is a _______ contingency between the NS/CS and the UCS.

A

weak

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11
Q

Stimulus value refers to…

A

how much the learner cares about predicting the presence of the UCS

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12
Q

Learning happens more easily when the UCS is ______ valued by the learner.

A

highly

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13
Q

Learning happens less easily when the UCS is ______ valued by the learner.

A

minimally

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14
Q

Novelty of the Neutral Stimulus (NS) refers to…

A

whether there has been any prior training with the NS. If so, that NS is not novel and the prior learning will interfere with current learning.

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15
Q

Learning happens more easily when the NS (is/isn’t) associated with previous learning.

A

isn’t

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16
Q

Learning happens less easily when the NS (is/isn’t) associated with previous learning.

A

is

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17
Q

What are the steps of operant conditioning?

A

1) Wait for a natural occurrence of the behavior.
2) Observe behavior.
3) Provide reinforcement.
4) Repeat this process from the beginning!

18
Q

Your credit card company gives you “reward points” that can be used to earn gifts for using your credit card to purchase items. If you do indeed start using your credit card more in response to this, we would say that the reward points had the effect of _____________ your credit card usage.

A

Positively reinforcing

19
Q

You suffer from heart burn. You start to recognize that when you eat certain kinds of food, typically those that are very spicy, it results in you being more likely to experience heart burn. As a result, you start to reduce the likelihood that you go to Mexican restaurants for dinner. Your heart burn is serving as a _____________ for going to eat at Mexican restaurants.

A

Positive punisher

20
Q

You suffer from heart burn, but you just can’t stop eating Mexican food because you love it soooooo much. So instead, you take an antacid after eating Mexican (and other spicy foods) to relieve your heartburn. We would say that the relief from the heartburn is having the effect of ______________ your antacid taking behavior

A

Negatively reinforcing

21
Q

When you are hungry, you eat food. The food relieves your hunger. This results in you eating food more in the future. We would say the hunger relief you experience has ____________ your food eating behavior

A

Negatively reinforced

22
Q

When you are hungry, you eat food. But your doctor recently told you that your cholesterol is through the roof and you need to control the types of food that you eat. One of his recommendations is that you tell your roommate that each time you eat a food high in cholesterol (like bacon) that he is allowed to punch you in the face, causing you pain, and hopefully reducing your eating behavior in the future. Besides being a terrible doctor, it seems that he is recommending you use a ________________ to curb your cholesterol ingesting behavior.

A

Positive punisher

23
Q

You really like playing video games. Your spouse, on the other hand, does not like how much you play video games. In response, whenever you play video games, your spouse decides that s/he is not going to talk to you for the rest of the evening. As a result, your video game playing behavior goes down. We would say that your spouse taking away the opportunity for conversation has had the effect of ___________________ your video game playing behavior.

A

Negatively punishing

24
Q

Interval schedules require…

A

the passage of time.

25
Q

Ratio schedules require…

A

a number of responses.

26
Q

A variable schedule is…

A

random and unpredictable.

27
Q

A fixed schedule is…

A

constant and predictable.

28
Q

participants are rewarded for the first response after a set amount of time has elapsed. This is a _____ schedule

A

Fixed Interval (FI)

29
Q

participants are rewarded for the first response after some amount of time has elapsed. This is a _____ schedule

A

Variable Interval (VI)

30
Q

participants are rewarded after a certain number of responses have been made. This is a _____ schedule

A

Fixed Ratio (FR)

31
Q

participants are rewarded after some number of responses have been made. This is a _____ schedule

A

Variable Ratio (VR)

32
Q

Getting extra video game lives after collecting 100 coins is an example of _______ schedule

A

Fixed Ratio (FR)

33
Q

Slot machines are examples of a _____ schedule

A

Variabile Ratio (VR)

34
Q

____________ corresponds to how our natural response to a stimulus (an object or event) changes over time

A

Non-associative learning

35
Q

When repeatedly exposed to a stimulus, one of four things can happen. These four things are…

A

1) no change from baseline response
2) sensitization
3) habituation
4) dishabituation

36
Q

What is sensitization

A

your response gets more pronounced each time you are exposed to the stimulus

37
Q

What is Habituation

A

your response gets less and less pronounced each time you are exposed to the stimulus

38
Q

What is dishabituation

A

Noticing the absence of a previously habituated stimulus

39
Q

How do you tell the difference between associative and non associative learning

A

Whether you are learning to make a prediction or not

40
Q

In the case of ___________ learning, no prediction is being made

A

non associative

41
Q

In the case of ___________ learning, a prediction is being made

A

associative

42
Q

A _____ _____ can be anyone from whom we learn behavior

A

social model

Phycology (13 decks)

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