Module 11

Question 1

What are the three major benefits of Pharmaceutical Therapy?

Answer 1

1) Pharmaceuticals are able to target neurotransmitters that are believed to cause disorders.
2) They are effective in treating many disorders​.
3) They are cost and time effective.

Question 2

What are the three major drawbacks of Pharmaceutical Therapy

Answer 2

1) Pharmaceuticals can be addictive
2) People build up tolerance to the medication, making it less effective.
3) Some of the side effects are uncomfortable.
4) Scientists are not entirely sure why some medications affect certain disorders.

Question 3

When used psychopharmaceutical drugs should be constantly monitored. Patients should regularly meet with their mental health care provider and/or physician to assess whether the drug is:

Answer 3

1) continuing to reduce symptoms,
2) whether any side-effects have developed or worsened, and
3) whether there is any sign that an addiction is developing.

Question 4

Describe the process of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 4

An electrical current is distributed across their brain through electrodes placed on the temples. This causes a seizure. To counteract the physical effects of the seizure, patients today are anesthetized and given muscle relaxants

Question 5

What is a lobotomy?

Answer 5

a lesioning procedure where connective tissues between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain are removed

Question 6

Why was the transorbital lobotomy developed?

Answer 6

So a lobotomy could be performed without removing the front of the skull. The transorbital lobotomy only broke the orbital bone

Question 7

What happens during Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 7

an electromagnetic coil is placed against the scalp. This device delivers electromagnetic pulses that can be targeted to different regions of the brain – producing both activation and inactivation of various regions

Question 8

What are the side effects of Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 8

Memory loss of a period of time before treatment. Sometimes weeks or months leading up to it.

Question 9

What are the main side effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 9

mild headaches, tingling or spasms in the face, and lightheadedness

Question 10

What happens during Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Answer 10

an invasive procedure in which electrodes are surgically implanted into regions of the brain. Those electrodes can then be set to provide continuous or sometimes varying, but mild, electrical stimulation to a specific region of the brain.

Question 11

Explain Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 11

A type of therapy based off of the idea that emphasized that unconscious needs, motives, and defenses could lead to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

Question 12

Explain Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 12

A type of therapy where the therapist is present to ask probing questions and guide the client toward greater self-understanding

Question 13

What does OARS stand for?

Answer 13

Open-ended questions
Affirmation
Reflective listening
Summarize

Question 14

The basic assumption behind CBT is that…

Answer 14

Mental health disorders are a result of the habits people have when interacting with the world

Question 15

How is CBT different from psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Answer 15

CBT focuses on symptom reduction, and psychoanalytic/psychodynamic focuses on the root cause

Question 16

What is a coping card?

Answer 16

It is simply a card, or set of cards, on which the client writes down things that they can do to feel better and alleviate distress

Question 17

Describe cognitive restructuring

Answer 17

The client is asked to reflect on the way they think about the experiences that they have.

The therapist then uses those reflections to point out the distress-inducing habitual patterns of thought, challenges that way of thinking, and then helps the patient to identify more adaptive ways of thinking that lead to less distress

Question 18

If a therapy is Iatrogenic, this means that…

Answer 18

the evidence suggests they either cause more harm than they do good or that they are costly and time-intensive with little or no benefit