module 4 peds dental and oral disorders Flashcards
preeruption cysts
blood-filled cyst preceding tooth eruption through gingival tissue
- purple, reddish, black, or blue bump/bruise on gums
bohn nodules
present at birth
firm, non-painful nodules on buccal surface of the alveolar ridge
- if in midline of palate: Epstein pearls
Tooth decay
bacterial disease
- acid demineralization of the subsurface enamel
- acid is produced by bacteria after metabolism of carbs in diet
Early tooth decay
apear as white or brown horizontal lines or sponts along gum line
advanced tooth decay
appear as cavitations in the teeth
tooth decay s/s
- sensitivity
- localized dental or facial pain
- abscesses on gums d/t bacterial invasion of the pulpal tissue
- gingival inflammation
- possible lymphadenopathy or fever
Arrested caries
appear as open cavities that are black or dark brown
How to arrest tooth decay
treat with 38% diamine fluoride
fluoride varnish
early white spots can be remineralized using topical fluoride varnish
gingivitis
presence of gingival inflammation without noticeable loss of alveolar bone or clinical attachment structures
- caused by plaque
aggressive periodontitis
bacterial infection involving gums and bone
- rapid loss of periodontal attachment and supporting bone around teeth
- teeth may become loose
necrotizing periodontitis
aggressive disease -> damage to the gum tissue between teeth.
- severe pain and fever present
- area of gums between teeth is ulcerated and necrotic, covered with a gray film
pyogenic granuloma
inflammatory hyperplasia caused by
- low-grade localized infection, trauma, or hormonal factors
small exophytic (outward growing) lesion
- smooth, lobulated, or hemorrhagic
herpes stomatitis
viral disease -> oral and circumoral ulcers
- caused by HSV type 1
- heal w/out tx in 7-14 days
ankyloglossia
tongue-tie
- short lingual frenulum that hinders tongue movement beyond the edge of the lips
aphthous ulcers
canker sores
recurrent, painful oral ulcers
- shallow, surrounded with an erythematous halo
- covered by gray, yellow, or white plaques
3 forms of aphthous ulcers
minor
major
herpetiform
minor aphthous ulcers
lesions are less than 10 mm in diameter
majory aphthous ulcers
lesions are more than 1 cm in diameter
may take a month or more to heal
leave scarring
herpetiform aphthous ulcers
clusters of 1-2mm lesions that may coalesce
benign migratory glossitis
asymptomatic yellowish-white, circular, or serpentine lesions with atrophic red centers
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
- localized discomfort; esp. with spicy foods
risk factors for benign migratory glossitis
immunologic factors
hormonal changes
use of oral contraceptives
DM
stress
bruxism
excessive grinding of teeth that occurs when awake and/or during sleep
contributing factors to bruxism
underlying stress
moderate or high amounts of second-hand smoke
- not assoc. with damage to permanent dentition
dental erosion
chemical process -> irreversible acid demineralization of tooth structure
- intrinsic or extrinsic acids
intrinsic acids
stomach acid
- GERD
- vomiting
extrinsic acids
acidic beverages
methamphetamines
citrus fruis
medications
dental erosion clinical manifestations
smooth, cupped out teeth on chewing surfaces
fillings raised above nml level of tooth
overly shiny silver fillings
enamel cuffing along the gums
tooth hypersensitivity
diastema
space between any two neighboring teeth
- usually close by the time permanent teeth erupt
- caused by missing incisors or midline supernumerary teeth will persist -> referral
gingival hyperplasia
fibrous enlargement of gingival tissue around the teeth
Causes:
- drugs
- hormones
- chronic inflammation
- leukemia
Halitosis
bad breath
- poor oral hygiene
- tooth decay
- systemic disease
- sinusitis
- sleep apnea
Malocclusion
anterior and posterior crossbites
open bites
Environmental factors:
- premature loss of teeth due to trauma
- caries
- ectopic eruptions
- persistent use of pacifier/thumb sucking
anterior crossbite
due to crowding where one or more teeth are either behind or in front of the teeth in the opposing jaw while others are in good alignment
posterior crossbite
one or more of the upper teeth is inside the opposing lower tooth
anterior open bite
front teeth do not touch together when the back teeth are biting
mucocele
salivary gland lesion caused by blockage of a salivary gland duct
- fluid-filled vesicle or fluctuant nodule with overlying mucosa of normal color
pericoronitis
partially erupted lower wisdom tooth with a tissue flap covering part of the crown
- foreign body forced under flap -> infection
ranula
cyst filled with mucin from a ruptured salivary gland
- large, soft, mucous-containing swelling in the floor of the mouth
temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)
chronic facial pain and mandibular dysfunction
- facial pain
- limitation in normal ability to open the mouth wide or with chewing
- jaw locking
- painful clicking
- popping
- grating in jaw joint
- change in occlusion
