module 2 impaired hearing Flashcards
impaired hearing
defect in the detection and or precessing of sound waves
- affects both communication and personal safety, can be socially isolating
outer ear
auricle
ear canal
- collects sounds waves and funnels them to the middle ear
middle ear
TM
ossicles
middle ear space
- transfers the sound waves to the inner ear, amplifying the vibrations
Inner ear
Cochlea: organ of hearing
- coverts the vibratory energy into electrical impulses that are then processed by the auditory nerve pathways in the brainstem, midbrain, and cerebrum.
Semicircular canals: primary balance system
3 types of hearing loss
conductive
sensorineural
mixed
conductive hearing loss
results from sound waves being attenuated at the external auditory canal or the middle ear
sensorineural hearing loss
Peripheral: cochlear
Central: nerve VIII: acoustic, internal auditory canal, or brain
- results from malfunction in the cochlea or central auditory pathways
Mixed hearing loss
both conductive and sensorineural components
outer ear and conductive hearing loss
impacted cerumen
bacterial or fungal infection (swimmers ear)
overgrowth of the boney wall (exostoses)
tumors
congenital atresia (orifice or passage missing)
fibrotic stenosis
middle ear and conductive hearing loss
perforation of the TM
scar tissue
negative pressure from eustachian tube dysfunction
barotraumas
cholesteatoma
glomus tumor
otosclerosis
impaired mobility of the TM
- AOM, serous OM, chronic serous otitis
otosclerosis
fusion of the stapes over the oval window
- common cause of hearing loss in adults
congenital sensorineural hearing loss
non-inherited:
- maternal infections
- medications
Inherited:
- autosomal abnormalities
adventitious sensorineural hearing loss
infections of the inner ear
Meniere disease
inner ear barotraumas
trauma
tumors
presbycusis
gradual degeneration within the cochlea that accompanies aging
- genetics
- medications
- infections
- exposure to noise
- HTN
- smokoing
- DM
sensorineural hearing loss r/t diseases
endocrine
metabolic
autoimmune disorders
neuorgenic disorders
ototoxic medications -> sensorineural hearing loss
antineoplastics
salicylates
aminoglycosides
furosemide
quinine-related drugs
associated s/s of hearing loss
otalgia
ear fullness
vertigo
tinnitus
cranial neuropathies
family hx and hearing loss
family hx hearing loss
neoplasms
renal disease
balance disorders
Weber test
place vibrating tuning fork at midline of forehead
- NML: sound heard equally on both sides
- Symmetric sensorineural loss: equally both ears
- asymmetric sensorineural: sound heard in the better ear
- asymmetric conductive: sound heard in the poorer ear
Rinne test
compares air conduction and bone conduction
vibrating tuning fork held next to ear and then to mastoid process
- NML: AC > BC: pt does not hear tuning fork when placed on mastoid
- conductive loss: BC > AC: pt hears tuning fork when placed on mastoid
- sensorineural loss: AC > BC but not heard at soft levels
tympanometry
used to determine middle ear function by measuring the impendence of the middle ear to sound
sudden hearing loss associated with
autoimmune disease
chronic renal failure
infections
ischemia of the inner ear or retrocochlear structures
multiple sclerosis
sickle cell anemia
sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss
trauma
gradual hearing loss associated with
cholesteatoma
chronic renal failure
chronic OM
DM
hypothyroidism
noise exposure
otosclerosis
presbycusis
retrocochlear neoplasm
fluctuating hearing loss associated with
autoimmune disorders
meniere disease
migraine headache
multiple sclerosis
OM perilymphatic fistula
sarcoidosis
syphilis
complications of hearing impairment
social isolation
failure to hear warning signals -> accidents
restricted economic opportunities
