module 1 s/s of ocular disease

Question 1

red eye

Answer 1

hyperemia of the conjunctiva or sclera

Question 2

most common causes of red eye

Answer 2

conjunctivitis
episcleritis
scleritis

Question 3

episcleritis

Answer 3

inflammatory condition of the covering of the sclera
- self-limiting
sectoral inflammation
feeling of foreign body

Question 4

scleritis

Answer 4

inflammation of the sclera
- often related to underlying autoimmune disorder
- RA

Question 5

uveal tract

Answer 5

iris
ciliary body
choriod

Question 6

uveitis

Answer 6

inflammation of any of the 3 layers of uveal tract
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
3rd leading cause of blindness
Related to autoimmune disorders

Question 7

iritis

Answer 7

inflammation of the anterior uveal tract
- iris and ciliary body
- idiopathic OR
- develop in response to conjunctivitis, keratitis, eye trauma

Question 8

visual disturbances

Answer 8

dec. central or peripheral vision
metamorphopsia
photopsia
vitreous opacities (floaters)

Question 9

metamorphopsia

Answer 9

distorted images
- can be seen with macular degeneration and other conditions

Question 10

photopsia

Answer 10

light flashes
- can be seen with retinal problems or cortical stimulation (migraine or occipital epilepsy)
- can indicate a retinal tear or posterior vitreous detachment with retinal traction

Question 11

Amaurosis fugax

Answer 11

transient, unilateral episode of vision loss
- small embolic plaques
- focal pattern of visual field loss that progresses to diffuse to total loss of vision
- can last seconds to minutes

Question 12

eye pain

Answer 12

any condition that stimulate the pain Rc in
- eyelids
- cornea
- conjunctiva
- uveal tract

Question 13

Inflammation of eye can cause

Answer 13

irritation
burning
discomfort
frank pain

Question 14

pain may occur with other ocular symptoms

Answer 14

dec. visual acuity
photophobia
ocular discharge
eyelid edema/erythema
ptosis
proptosis
corneal cloudiness

Question 15

epiphora

Answer 15

excessive tearing

Question 16

mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Answer 16

pus in the conjunctival sac
- lashes stick together

Question 17

viral conjunctivitis

Answer 17

profuse watery discharge with a burning or gritty sensation and pain

Question 18

allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 18

pruritis with discharge varying from watery to a stringy, mucus-like consistency

Question 19

Differential dx red eye, no pain, no vision loss

Answer 19

conjunctivitis
subconjunctival hemorrhage
episcleritis

Question 20

Differential dx red eye, pain, no vision loss

Answer 20

episcleritis
keratitis
cluster headache
corneal abrasion
corneal ulcer

Question 21

differential dx red eye, pain, vision loss

Answer 21

iritis
glaucoma
orbital cellulitis
scleritis
corneal abrasion
corneal ulcer
keratitis

Question 22

episcleritis s/s

Answer 22

• bilateral mild stinging
  -peripheral injections
• no discharge
• no visual impairment
• tearing and photophobia possible

Question 23

scleritis s/s

Answer 23

• unilateral
• pain: boring sensation
• ciliary injection
• tearing
• painful to palpation
• visual acuity can be affected

Question 24

iritis s/s

Answer 24

• unilateral
• pain moderate and aching
• vision dec.
• minimal discharge
• affected pupil smaller, cornea normal
• central redness of eye with ciliary flush
• pain in affected eye when light shown in unaffected eye

Question 25

posterior uveitis/ choroiditis

Answer 25

inflammation of the posterior uveal tract: choroid, blood vessels, CT
- s/s similar to iritis but pain is at back of eye