module 3 rhinitis

Question 1

rhinitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the sinus nasal cavity
- caused by exposures that trigger the body’s response to remove the foreign material
- viruses
- allergens
- occupational irritants

Question 2

Allergic rhinitis (AR)

Answer 2

heterogeneous, inflammatory response affecting the paranasal and sinus mucosa

Question 3

Allergic rhinitis s/s

Answer 3

sneezing
rhinorrhea
mucosal swelling
obstruction/congestion
conjunctivitis/ watery, itchy, puffy eyes
nasal-ocular and pharyngeal itching
fatigue
headache
cognitive impairment
changes to taste or smell
dry mouth
teeth/facial discomfort

Question 4

Hallmark of allergic rhinitis

Answer 4

temporal correlation of s/s with exposure to allergens and time of year

Question 5

Allergic rhinitis patho

Answer 5

immunoglobulin E mediated mast cell hypersensitivity response to foreign allergens

Question 6

Allergic rhinitis physical exam

Answer 6

• membranes/mucosa: pale, violaceous color, edematous
• swollen nasal turbinates with signs of inflammation: bleeding mucus, crusting
• enlarged tonsils
• postnasal drip
• “allergic salute” crease across the nose from manipulating tip of the nose
• conjunctival irritation

Question 7

medications assoc. with rhinitis

Answer 7

reserpine
methyldopa
NSAID
oral contraceptives
beta-blockers
snorting or sniffing street drugs

Question 8

immunotherapy considered with

Answer 8

s/s > 6 months
- not relieved by environmental control or pharmacologic agents
- cost of immunotherapy less than the Rx therapy

Question 9

allergic rhinitis tx

Answer 9

environmental control
Nasal irrigation
intranasal steroids
oral antihistaines

Question 10

complications of allergic rhinitis

Answer 10

• inc. asthma and pulmonary disease exacerbations
• sleep apnea

Question 11

vasomotor/idiopathic rhinitis

Answer 11

Also called non-allergic rhinitis
- nonallergic, noninfectious cause of perennial (chronic) nasal congestion and rhinorrhea

Question 12

triggers for idiopathic rhinitis

Answer 12

cold air
strong smells
irritants
changes in weather
meds:
- ACEI
- B-blockers
stress
exercise
certain foods
increased estrogen levels (preg, oral contraceptive)

Question 13

idiopathic rhinitis patho

Answer 13

neurogenic, abnormal balance that favors parasympathetic control over sympathetic control for the nasal mucosa
-> intermittent vascular engorgement of the nasal mucous membranes

Question 14

idiopathic rhinitis s/s

Answer 14

little discharge: watery
perennial congestion
Nasal mucosa: erythematous

Question 15

idiopathic rhinitis tx

Answer 15

environmental avoidance
oral decongestants
saline irrigations
intranasal steroids

Question 16

complications of idiopathic rhinitis

Answer 16

sleep deprivation
dec. quality of life

Question 17

infectious rhinitis

Answer 17

associated with URI
- viral
- bacterial

Question 18

viral rhinitis usually caused by

Answer 18

rhinovirus
coronavirus

Question 19

bacterial/infectious rhinitis

Answer 19

often originates from allergic or viral swelling of nasal mucosa
-> drainage trapped in sinuses
-> microorganism growth

Question 20

bacterial vs viral rhinitis

Answer 20

s/s indistinguishable
- bacterial recognized only after a secondary infection develops

Question 21

anatomic rhinitis

Answer 21

deviated nasal septum
nasal polyps
nasal tumors

Question 22

rhinitis medicamentosa

Answer 22

results from chronic administrations of sympatholytic drugs, NSAIDs, or Topical decongestants
- tolerance to decongestants
- rebound engorgement of nasal mucosa after 1-2 weeks of use

Question 23

Rx causes of rhinitis

Answer 23

Beta blocers
ACEI
chlorpromazine
estrogen
oral contraceptives

Question 24

food/drink rhinitis

Answer 24

occur after ingestions of food or alcohol

Question 25

medical causes of rhinitis

Answer 25

pregnancy
hypothyroidism
cocaine use