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Nursing 120 > Module 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Module 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of body membranes

A

epithelial membranes
- cutaneous, serous, mucous
connective tissue membranes
- synovial

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2
Q

Epithelial membranes; cutaneuous membrane

A

skin

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3
Q

epithelial membranes; serous membranes

A

types:
parietal layer; line walls of body cavities
visceral layer; cover organ surfaces found in body cavities
- pleura
- peritoneum

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4
Q

epithelial membranes; mucous membranes

A

mucus
lamina propria
mucocutaneous junction

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5
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A

-reduces friction between opposing surfaces of bones in moveable joints
- produces a lubricant called synovial fluid
- line small, cushion-like sacs called bursae that are found in many moving parts

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6
Q

The skin; structure

A

epidermis
- skin pigment
- dermal-epidermal junction
Dermis
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
Subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

epidermis

A

outermost and thinnest primary layer of skin that is composed of several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
- stratum germinativum
- keratin
- stratum corneum

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8
Q

epidermis;
skin pigment

A

deepest epidermal layer composed of specialized cells that produce the brown pigment melanin

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9
Q

epidermis;
dermal-epidermal junction

A

specialized area between two skin layers
dermal papillae help to stabilize the junction

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10
Q

dermis

A

deeper and thicker of the two primary skin layers and composed of connective tissue

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11
Q

dermis; papillary (upper) layer

A

parallel rows of tiny bumps called dermal papillae

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12
Q

dermis; reticular (deeper) layer

A

network of tough, interlacing, collagenous, and stretchable elastic fibres
contains nerve endings, muscle fibres, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and numerous blood vessels

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13
Q

appendages of the skin hair

A

-location
-growth
~hair follicles
~ hair papilla
~ hair root/shaft
- arrector pili muscle
~specialized involuntary, smooth muscle that contract causing piloerection (goosebumps) and hair to stand erect

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14
Q

accessory organs of the skin nails

A

-nail body
- root
- cuticle
- lunula
- nail bed

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15
Q

skin receptors

A

specialized nerve endings that relay messages to the brain regarding sensations for ex. touch, pain, and pressure
- lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle) ~ detects deep pressure
- tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle) ~ detects light touch

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16
Q

skin glands; sweat or sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine sweat glands
- produces sweat (perspiration) and functions in the regulation of body temp
Apocrine sweat glands
- found in axilla and produce an odor caused by the contamination/decomposition of the secretion of skin bacteria

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17
Q

skin glands; sebaceous glands

A

found where hair grows and secrete oil for hair and skin

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18
Q

functions of the skin

A
  1. protection
    - first line of defense
  2. temp regulation
    - regulation of sweat secretion and blood flow close to body surface
  3. sense organ activity
    - receptors act as receivers for the body regarding changes in the environment
  4. excretion
    - elimination of body wastes; excess vitamins, drugs, and hormones excreted onto the skin by sweat
  5. vitamin D synthesis
    - results from skin exposure to UV light
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19
Q

Glossary: Allergy

A

hypersensitivity of the immune system to relatively harmless environmental antigens

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20
Q

Glossary: Apocrine

A

relating to a type of exocrine gland that pinches off at its apical tip to release its secretion

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21
Q

Glossary: Apocrine Sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland located in the axillary and genital regions; these glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty

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22
Q

Glossary: Appendage

A

something that is attached

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23
Q

Glossary: arrector pili

A

smooth muscles of the skin that are attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up, resulting in “goose flesh”

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24
Q

Glossary: Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

one of the most common forms of skin cancer, usually occurring on upper face, with low potential for metastasizing

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25
Glossary: basement membrane
the connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells
26
Glossary: blackhead
sebum that accumulates, darkens, and enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous glands; also known as a comedo
27
Glossary: blister
a baglike fluid-filled elevation of the skin caused by an irritant such as heat, friction, or a chemical
28
Glossary: burn
an injury to tissues resulting from contact with heat, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiant and electromagnetic energy; classified into four categories depending on the number of tissue layers involved
29
Glossary: Bursa (pl. bursae)
Small cushionlike sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones
30
Glossary: connective tissue membrane
one of the two major types of body membranes composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue
31
Glossary: comedo
inflamed, plugged sebaceous gland duct, common in acne conditions; also called a blackhead
32
Glossary: cosmetic surgery
surgical medical specialty focused on improving one's appearance
33
Glossary: cosmetician
worker who specializes in the manufacture, sale, or application of makeup or other products that affect one's appearance
34
Glossary: cutaneous membrane
primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin
34
Glossary: cuticle
skinfold covering the root of the nail
35
Glossary: cyanosis
Bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood
36
Glossary: Dehydration
excessive loss of body water; the most common fluid imbalance; and abnormally low volume of one or more body fluids
37
Glossary: Dermal Papilla (pl. papillae)
Tiny bumps in the upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and produces the ridges and grooves of fingerprints
38
Glossary: Dermal-epidermal junction
Junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support for the epidermis
39
Glossary: Dermatology
medical specialty that deals with skin health
40
Glossary: Dermis
the deeper of the two major layer of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called the true skin
41
Glossary: Eccrine
Relating to an exocrine gland with secretory cells that release secretions by exocytosis without losing part of the cell, as occurs in apocrine glands
42
Glossary: Eccrine Sweat Gland
any of a group of small sweat glands distributed over the total body surface
43
Glossary: Epidermis
"false" skin; outermost layer of the skin
44
Glossary: Epithelial membrane
Membrane composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of connective tissue
45
Glossary: First-degree burn
Minor burn causing only minimal discomfort and no blistering; the epidermis may peel but no dermal injury occurs
46
Glossary: Follicle
a pocketlike structure, such as the cylindrical pocket from which a hair grows or fluid-filled sacs in the thyroid gland or ovary
47
Glossary: Full thickness Burn
Burn that (1) destroys epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (3rd degree burn) and (2) extends below skin and subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle and bone (4th degree burn)
48
Glossary: Fourth Degree burn
a full-thickness burn that destroys both dermis and epidermis and also extends below the subcutaneous tissue to damage underlying tissue such as muscle or bone
49
Glossary: hair follicle
a small tube where hair growth occurs
50
Glossary: Hair papilla
A small cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins
50
Glossary: Immunology
Study of the immune system and its actions; medical specialty that treats disorders of immune function
50
Glossary: Hypodermis
the loose, ordinary (areolar) tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia
51
Glossary: integument
the skin
52
Glossary: Integumentary System
the skin; the largest and most important organ of the body
53
Glossary: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)
A malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the skin characterized by purplish spots
54
Glossary: Keratin
protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues
55
Glossary: Lamellar Corpuscle (pacini Corpuscle)
Sensory receptor with a layered encapsulation found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface; also called pacini corpuscle
56
Glossary: Lamina Propria
Fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes
57
Glossary: Liposuction
Medical procedure in which adipose tissue is removed from the body by a suction device
58
Glossary: Lanugo
the fine soft hair of the fetus, which is replaced soon after birth - premature infants will have lots of lanugo
59
Glossary: Lanula
Crescent-shaped white area under the proximal nail bed
60
Glossary: Malignant
cancerous
61
Glossary: Melanin
brown skin pigment
62
Glossary: Melanocyte
Specialized cells in the skin that produce the dark brown pigment melanin
63
Glossary: Melanoma
a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the pigment-producing cells of the skin (melanocytes); also called malignant melanoma
63
Glossary: Membrane
thin layer or sheet
64
Glossary: Mucocutaneous Junction
The transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet
65
Glossary: Mucous Membrane
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus
66
Glossary: Mucus
Thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist
67
Glossary: Nail body
The visible part of the nail
68
Glossary: Parietal
Relating to the walls of an organ or cavity
69
Glossary: Partial thickness burn
term used to describe both minor burn injury (1st degree burn) and more severe burns that injure both epidermis and dermis (2nd degree burns)
69
Glossary: Pericardium (pl. pericardia)
membrane surrounding the heart
70
Glossary: Peritoneum
large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal layer) and its organs (visceral layer)
71
Glossary: Peritonitis
Inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix
71
Glossary: Perspiration (sweat)
transparent, watery liquid released by glands in the skin that eliminates ammonia and uric acid and helps maintain body temperature
72
Glossary: Pigment
coloured substance
73
Glossary: Pleura (pl. pleurae)
The serous membrane in the thoracic cavity that lines each pleural cavity and covers the lungs
74
Glossary: Pleurisy
Inflammation of the Pleura
74
Glossary: Reconstruction surgery
surgical medical specialization focusing on rebuilding damaged or dysfunctional body parts
75
Glossary: Pore
pinpoint-size opening on the skin that serves as the outlet of a small duct from the eccrine sweat glands
76
Glossary: Rule of nines
a frequently used method to determine the extent of a burn injury; the body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each and 1% for the perineum to help estimate the amount of skin surface burned in an adult
77
Glossary: Sebaceous Gland
Oil-producing gland found in the skin
78
Glossary: Sebum
secretion of sebaceous glands
79
Glossary: second-degree burn
a partial-thickness burn injury that is more severe than a first-degree burn and often involves damage to the dermis
80
Glossary: Serous Membrane
A two-layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs
81
Glossary: Squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the epidermis; slow-growing cancer that is capable of metastasizing; the most common type of skin cancer
82
Glossary: Stratum Corneum
the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin
83
Glossary: Stratum germinativum
The innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves
84
Glossary: Subcutaneous tissue
tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and lipid
85
Glossary: subcutaneous Injection
administration of substances into the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin
86
Glossary: Sudoriferous gland
sweat gland
87
Glossary: superficial fascia
hypodermis; subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis
88
Glossary: synovial fluid
the thick, colourless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
88
Glossary: sweat gland
exocrine gland that produces sweat
89
Glossary: synovial membrane
connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid
90
Glossary: Tactile Corpuscle (meissner corpuscle)
Large, encapsulated sensory neuron of the skin for light or discriminative touch; also known as the Meissner corpuscle
91
Glossary: third-degree burn
involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into subcutaneous tissue; see full-thickness burn
92
Glossary: Visceral
Relating to internal organs (viscera)

Nursing 120 (13 decks)

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