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Nursing 120 > Module 3: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Module 3: Integumentary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the classifications of body membranes

A

epithelial membranes
- cutaneous, serous, mucous
connective tissue membranes
- synovial

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2
Q

Epithelial membranes; cutaneuous membrane

A

skin

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3
Q

epithelial membranes; serous membranes

A

types:
parietal layer; line walls of body cavities
visceral layer; cover organ surfaces found in body cavities
- pleura
- peritoneum

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4
Q

epithelial membranes; mucous membranes

A

mucus
lamina propria
mucocutaneous junction

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5
Q

Connective tissue membranes

A

-reduces friction between opposing surfaces of bones in moveable joints
- produces a lubricant called synovial fluid
- line small, cushion-like sacs called bursae that are found in many moving parts

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6
Q

The skin; structure

A

epidermis
- skin pigment
- dermal-epidermal junction
Dermis
- papillary layer
- reticular layer
Subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

epidermis

A

outermost and thinnest primary layer of skin that is composed of several layers of stratified squamous epithelium
- stratum germinativum
- keratin
- stratum corneum

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8
Q

epidermis;
skin pigment

A

deepest epidermal layer composed of specialized cells that produce the brown pigment melanin

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9
Q

epidermis;
dermal-epidermal junction

A

specialized area between two skin layers
dermal papillae help to stabilize the junction

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10
Q

dermis

A

deeper and thicker of the two primary skin layers and composed of connective tissue

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11
Q

dermis; papillary (upper) layer

A

parallel rows of tiny bumps called dermal papillae

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12
Q

dermis; reticular (deeper) layer

A

network of tough, interlacing, collagenous, and stretchable elastic fibres
contains nerve endings, muscle fibres, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and numerous blood vessels

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13
Q

appendages of the skin hair

A

-location
-growth
~hair follicles
~ hair papilla
~ hair root/shaft
- arrector pili muscle
~specialized involuntary, smooth muscle that contract causing piloerection (goosebumps) and hair to stand erect

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14
Q

accessory organs of the skin nails

A

-nail body
- root
- cuticle
- lunula
- nail bed

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15
Q

skin receptors

A

specialized nerve endings that relay messages to the brain regarding sensations for ex. touch, pain, and pressure
- lamellar corpuscle (pacini corpuscle) ~ detects deep pressure
- tactile corpuscle (meissner corpuscle) ~ detects light touch

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16
Q

skin glands; sweat or sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine sweat glands
- produces sweat (perspiration) and functions in the regulation of body temp
Apocrine sweat glands
- found in axilla and produce an odor caused by the contamination/decomposition of the secretion of skin bacteria

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17
Q

skin glands; sebaceous glands

A

found where hair grows and secrete oil for hair and skin

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18
Q

functions of the skin

A
  1. protection
    - first line of defense
  2. temp regulation
    - regulation of sweat secretion and blood flow close to body surface
  3. sense organ activity
    - receptors act as receivers for the body regarding changes in the environment
  4. excretion
    - elimination of body wastes; excess vitamins, drugs, and hormones excreted onto the skin by sweat
  5. vitamin D synthesis
    - results from skin exposure to UV light
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19
Q

Glossary: Allergy

A

hypersensitivity of the immune system to relatively harmless environmental antigens

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20
Q

Glossary: Apocrine

A

relating to a type of exocrine gland that pinches off at its apical tip to release its secretion

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21
Q

Glossary: Apocrine Sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland located in the axillary and genital regions; these glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty

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22
Q

Glossary: Appendage

A

something that is attached

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23
Q

Glossary: arrector pili

A

smooth muscles of the skin that are attached to hair follicles; when contraction occurs, the hair stands up, resulting in “goose flesh”

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24
Q

Glossary: Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

one of the most common forms of skin cancer, usually occurring on upper face, with low potential for metastasizing

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25
Q

Glossary: basement membrane

A

the connective tissue layer of the serous membrane that holds and supports the epithelial cells

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26
Q

Glossary: blackhead

A

sebum that accumulates, darkens, and enlarges some of the ducts of the sebaceous glands; also known as a comedo

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27
Q

Glossary: blister

A

a baglike fluid-filled elevation of the skin caused by an irritant such as heat, friction, or a chemical

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28
Q

Glossary: burn

A

an injury to tissues resulting from contact with heat, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiant and electromagnetic energy; classified into four categories depending on the number of tissue layers involved

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29
Q

Glossary: Bursa (pl. bursae)

A

Small cushionlike sac found alongside joints, cushioning moving bones

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30
Q

Glossary: connective tissue membrane

A

one of the two major types of body membranes composed exclusively of various types of connective tissue

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31
Q

Glossary: comedo

A

inflamed, plugged sebaceous gland duct, common in acne conditions; also called a blackhead

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32
Q

Glossary: cosmetic surgery

A

surgical medical specialty focused on improving one’s appearance

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33
Q

Glossary: cosmetician

A

worker who specializes in the manufacture, sale, or application of makeup or other products that affect one’s appearance

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34
Q

Glossary: cutaneous membrane

A

primary organ of the integumentary system; the skin

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34
Q

Glossary: cuticle

A

skinfold covering the root of the nail

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35
Q

Glossary: cyanosis

A

Bluish appearance of the skin caused by deficient oxygenation of the blood

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36
Q

Glossary: Dehydration

A

excessive loss of body water; the most common fluid imbalance; and abnormally low volume of one or more body fluids

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37
Q

Glossary: Dermal Papilla (pl. papillae)

A

Tiny bumps in the upper region of the dermis that forms part of the dermal-epidermal junction and produces the ridges and grooves of fingerprints

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38
Q

Glossary: Dermal-epidermal junction

A

Junction between the thin epidermal layer of the skin and the dermal layer providing support for the epidermis

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39
Q

Glossary: Dermatology

A

medical specialty that deals with skin health

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40
Q

Glossary: Dermis

A

the deeper of the two major layer of the skin, composed of dense fibrous connective tissue interspersed with glands, nerve endings, and blood vessels; sometimes called the true skin

41
Q

Glossary: Eccrine

A

Relating to an exocrine gland with secretory cells that release secretions by exocytosis without losing part of the cell, as occurs in apocrine glands

42
Q

Glossary: Eccrine Sweat Gland

A

any of a group of small sweat glands distributed over the total body surface

43
Q

Glossary: Epidermis

A

“false” skin; outermost layer of the skin

44
Q

Glossary: Epithelial membrane

A

Membrane composed of epithelial tissue with an underlying layer of connective tissue

45
Q

Glossary: First-degree burn

A

Minor burn causing only minimal discomfort and no blistering; the epidermis may peel but no dermal injury occurs

46
Q

Glossary: Follicle

A

a pocketlike structure, such as the cylindrical pocket from which a hair grows or fluid-filled sacs in the thyroid gland or ovary

47
Q

Glossary: Full thickness Burn

A

Burn that (1) destroys epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (3rd degree burn) and (2) extends below skin and subcutaneous tissue to reach muscle and bone (4th degree burn)

48
Q

Glossary: Fourth Degree burn

A

a full-thickness burn that destroys both dermis and epidermis and also extends below the subcutaneous tissue to damage underlying tissue such as muscle or bone

49
Q

Glossary: hair follicle

A

a small tube where hair growth occurs

50
Q

Glossary: Hair papilla

A

A small cap-shaped cluster of cells located at the base of the follicle where hair growth begins

50
Q

Glossary: Immunology

A

Study of the immune system and its actions; medical specialty that treats disorders of immune function

50
Q

Glossary: Hypodermis

A

the loose, ordinary (areolar) tissue just under the skin and superficial to the muscles; also called subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia

51
Q

Glossary: integument

A

the skin

52
Q

Glossary: Integumentary System

A

the skin; the largest and most important organ of the body

53
Q

Glossary: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS)

A

A malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the skin characterized by purplish spots

54
Q

Glossary: Keratin

A

protein substance found in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues

55
Q

Glossary: Lamellar Corpuscle (pacini Corpuscle)

A

Sensory receptor with a layered encapsulation found deep in the dermis that detects pressure on the skin surface; also called pacini corpuscle

56
Q

Glossary: Lamina Propria

A

Fibrous connective tissue underlying the epithelium in mucous membranes

57
Q

Glossary: Liposuction

A

Medical procedure in which adipose tissue is removed from the body by a suction device

58
Q

Glossary: Lanugo

A

the fine soft hair of the fetus, which is replaced soon after birth - premature infants will have lots of lanugo

59
Q

Glossary: Lanula

A

Crescent-shaped white area under the proximal nail bed

60
Q

Glossary: Malignant

A

cancerous

61
Q

Glossary: Melanin

A

brown skin pigment

62
Q

Glossary: Melanocyte

A

Specialized cells in the skin that produce the dark brown pigment melanin

63
Q

Glossary: Melanoma

A

a malignant neoplasm (cancer) of the pigment-producing cells of the skin (melanocytes); also called malignant melanoma

63
Q

Glossary: Membrane

A

thin layer or sheet

64
Q

Glossary: Mucocutaneous Junction

A

The transitional area where the skin and mucous membrane meet

65
Q

Glossary: Mucous Membrane

A

Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior and secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus

66
Q

Glossary: Mucus

A

Thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist

67
Q

Glossary: Nail body

A

The visible part of the nail

68
Q

Glossary: Parietal

A

Relating to the walls of an organ or cavity

69
Q

Glossary: Partial thickness burn

A

term used to describe both minor burn injury (1st degree burn) and more severe burns that injure both epidermis and dermis (2nd degree burns)

69
Q

Glossary: Pericardium (pl. pericardia)

A

membrane surrounding the heart

70
Q

Glossary: Peritoneum

A

large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal layer) and its organs (visceral layer)

71
Q

Glossary: Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity; sometimes a serious complication of an infected appendix

71
Q

Glossary: Perspiration (sweat)

A

transparent, watery liquid released by glands in the skin that eliminates ammonia and uric acid and helps maintain body temperature

72
Q

Glossary: Pigment

A

coloured substance

73
Q

Glossary: Pleura (pl. pleurae)

A

The serous membrane in the thoracic cavity that lines each pleural cavity and covers the lungs

74
Q

Glossary: Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the Pleura

74
Q

Glossary: Reconstruction surgery

A

surgical medical specialization focusing on rebuilding damaged or dysfunctional body parts

75
Q

Glossary: Pore

A

pinpoint-size opening on the skin that serves as the outlet of a small duct from the eccrine sweat glands

76
Q

Glossary: Rule of nines

A

a frequently used method to determine the extent of a burn injury; the body is divided into 11 areas of 9% each and 1% for the perineum to help estimate the amount of skin surface burned in an adult

77
Q

Glossary: Sebaceous Gland

A

Oil-producing gland found in the skin

78
Q

Glossary: Sebum

A

secretion of sebaceous glands

79
Q

Glossary: second-degree burn

A

a partial-thickness burn injury that is more severe than a first-degree burn and often involves damage to the dermis

80
Q

Glossary: Serous Membrane

A

A two-layered epithelial membrane that lines body cavities and covers the surfaces of organs

81
Q

Glossary: Squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the epidermis; slow-growing cancer that is capable of metastasizing; the most common type of skin cancer

82
Q

Glossary: Stratum Corneum

A

the tough outer layer of the epidermis; cells are filled with keratin

83
Q

Glossary: Stratum germinativum

A

The innermost of the tightly packed epithelial cells of the epidermis; cells in this layer are able to reproduce themselves

84
Q

Glossary: Subcutaneous tissue

A

tissue below the layers of skin; made up of loose connective tissue and lipid

85
Q

Glossary: subcutaneous Injection

A

administration of substances into the subcutaneous layer beneath the skin

86
Q

Glossary: Sudoriferous gland

A

sweat gland

87
Q

Glossary: superficial fascia

A

hypodermis; subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis

88
Q

Glossary: synovial fluid

A

the thick, colourless lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

88
Q

Glossary: sweat gland

A

exocrine gland that produces sweat

89
Q

Glossary: synovial membrane

A

connective tissue membrane lining the spaces between bones and joints that secretes synovial fluid

90
Q

Glossary: Tactile Corpuscle (meissner corpuscle)

A

Large, encapsulated sensory neuron of the skin for light or discriminative touch; also known as the Meissner corpuscle

91
Q

Glossary: third-degree burn

A

involves complete destruction of both epidermis and dermis with injury extending into subcutaneous tissue; see full-thickness burn

92
Q

Glossary: Visceral

A

Relating to internal organs (viscera)

Nursing 120 (13 decks)

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