Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nursing 120 > Module 10: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Module 10: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Resp. Tract

A

Upper resp tract
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx

Lower resp tract
- trachea
- bronchial tree
- lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiratory Mucosa: structure

A
  • ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines most of tract
  • stratified squamous epithelium lines nostrils, vocal cords, and pharynx
  • simple squamous epithelium lines alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory mucosa:
Function

A

-protection
- air purification
- ciliary escalator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper resp tract: nose

A

Structure
- external nares
- nasal septum; R and L nasal cavities
- Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses
- lacrimal sacs
- superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae (turbinate)

Function
- warms, filters and moistens inhaled air
- olfactory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Upper resp. tract: pharynx

A

Structure
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
- two nasal cavities, mouth, esophagus, larynx, and auditory tubes (Eustachian tubes) open into pharynx
-pharyngeal, lingual, and palatine tonsils

Function:
- passageway for food and liquids
- passageway for air and air distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Upper resp tract: larynx

A

Structure
- thyroid cartilage (adams apple), cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis
- glottis
- vocal cords

Function
- air distribution and passageway for air movement
- voice production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lower resp. tract: trachea

A

Structure
- tube approx. 11 cm long and 2.5 cm wide
- extends from larynx into the thoracic cavity
- c-shaped rings of cartilage

Function
- patent airway
- passageway for air movement
- tracheal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

-mechanics of breathing
-regulation of breathing
- breathing patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lower resp. tract

A

structure and function
- trachea> R and L bronchi > secondary bronchi > bronchioles> alveolar ducts> alveolar sacs > alveoli = alveolar air movement and distribution
- Alveoli

Structure:
- surfactant- covered respiratory movement
*type 1 alveolar cells
*type 11 alveolar cells

Function:
- gas exchange between air and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower resp tract: lungs

A

Structure:
- size: fills the chest cavity, except for middle space occupied by heart, large blood vessels, thymus, and esophagus
*apex (superior)
*base (inferior)

Pleurae
- membrane lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering the outer surface of each lung (visceral pleura)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Respiration
1. pulmonary ventilation
2. external respiration
3. internal respiration

Mechanics of breathing
- pulmonary ventilation
*inspiration (inhalation)
*expiration (exhalation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regulation of Ventilation

A

-Homeostasis of Blood gases
- brainstem control of respiration
*medullary centres
*pontine centres
- cerebral cortex control of respiration
- respiratory reflexes
*chemoreflexes
*pulmonary stretch reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Breathing Patterns

A

-Eupnea
-Hyperventilation
-Hypoventilation
-Dyspnea
- Apnea
- Resp arrest
- cheyne-stokes respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glossary: Adenoid

A

Literally, glandlike; adenoids, or pharyngeal tonsils, are paired lymphoid structures in the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glossary: Alveolar duct

A

airway that branches from the smallest bronchioles; alveolar sacs arise from alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glossary: Alveolar sac

A

each alveolar duct ends in several sacs that resemble a cluster of grapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glossary: Alveoli

A

literally, a small cavity; alveoli of lungs are microscopic saclike dilations of terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glossary: Aortic body

A

small cluster of chemosensitive cells that respond to carbon dioxide and oxygen levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glossary: Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glossary: auditory tube (eustachian tube)

A

Tube that connects the throat with the middle ear to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanum (eardrum) ; also called eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glossary: Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

A

Negative ion common in water solutions, including body fluids; HCO3-; often acts as a buffer to increase pH (reduce acidity) of a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glossary: Bronchi

A

The branches of the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glossary: Bronchiole

A

small branch of a bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glossary: Carbaminohemoglobin (HbCO2)

A

the compound formed by the union of CO2 with hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Glossary: Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
the enzyme that converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid
26
Glossary: Carotid body
chemoreceptor located in the carotid artery that detects changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide, and blood acid levels
27
Glossary: Cellular respiration
enzymes in the mitochondrial wall and matrix using oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrients, releasing energy needed for cellular work
28
Glossary: Chemoreceptor
Any receptor that responds to chemicals, such as those responsible for taste and smell
29
Glossary: Chemoreflex
Any reaction triggered by a chemical change, as when the heart rate changes in response to shift in oxygen concentration in the blood
30
Glossary: Chronic bronchitis
chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles characterized by edema and excessive mucus production, often blocking air passages
30
Glossary: Cheyne- stokes respiration (CSR)
Pattern of breathing associated with critical conditions such as brain injury or drug overdose and characterized by cycles of apnea and hyperventilation
31
Glossary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
General term referring to a group of disorders characterized by progressive, irreversible obstruction of airflow in the lungs
32
Glossary: ciliary escalator
Process of cilia moving mucus and entrapped particles upward and out of the respiratory tract
33
Glossary: Compliance
the ease of stretch of a material - as in lung compliance, the stretchability of the lung tissues
34
Glossary: Conchae
shell-shaped structures; for ex. bony projections into the nasal cavity
34
Glossary: Diaphragm
membrane or partition that separates one thing from another; the flat muscular sheet that separates the thorax and abdomen and is a major muscle of respiration
35
Glossary: Diffusion
spreading; ie. scattering of dissolved particles
36
Glossary: Emergency medical technician
first responder trained to assess health conditions and administer emergency medical care
36
Glossary: Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
37
Glossary: Emphysema
Abnormal condition characterized by trapping of air in alveoli of the lung that causes them to rupture and fuse with other alveoli
37
Glossary: Eupnea
normal respiration
38
Glossary: Eustachian tube
Tube that connects the throat with the middle ear to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanum
38
Glossary: Endotracheal intubation
medical procedure in which a hollow tube is placed through the throat and directly down into the trachea to allow airflow
39
Glossary: Epiglottis
lidlike cartilage overhanging the entrance to the larynx
40
Glossary: expiration (exhalation)
moving air out of the lungs; also known as exhilation
41
Glossary: Expiratory muscle
any of the muscles that allow more forceful expiration to increase the rate and depth of ventilation; the internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
42
Glossary: Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expiring the tidal volume (TV)
42
Glossary: External nares
nostrils
43
Glossary: external respiration
the exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood
44
Glossary: glottis
the space between the vocal cords
45
Glossary: Heme
iron-containing component of a hemoglobin molecule
45
Glossary: Hyperventilation
very rapid deep respirations
46
Glossary: Hypoventilations
slow, shallow respirations
47
Glossary: Hypoxia
abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood or tissue fluids
48
Glossary: Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
leading case of death in premature babies; due to a lack of surfactant in the alveolar air sacs
49
Glossary: Inspiration (inhalation)
movement of air into the lungs; same as inhalation, opposite of exhalation or expiration
50
Glossary: Inspiratory muscle
the muscles that increase the size of the thorax, including the diaphragm and external intercostals, and allow air to rush into the lungs
51
Glossary: Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired over and above a normal respiration
52
Glossary: Interarytenoid notch
The V-shaped groove at the median of the posterior margin of the opening of the larynx, between the two arytenoid cartilages of the larynx
53
Glossary: internal respiration
the exchange of gases that occurs between the blood and the cells of the body
53
Glossary: Lacrimal sac
pouch that collects tears from the eye and then drains them toward the nasal cavity
54
Glossary: larygopharynx
the lowest part of the pharynx
55
Glossary: larynx
the voice box, located just below the pharynx; the largest piece of cartilage making up the larynx is the thyroid cartilage, commonly known as the adams apple
56
Glossary: lingual tonsil
mass of lymphoid tissue located in the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue
57
Glossary: lower resp. tract
division of the respiratory tract that is within the thorax and composed of the trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, and the lung
58
Glossary: lung
organ of respiration; the right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes
59
Glossary: max. oxygen consumption
the max amount of oxygen taken up by the lungs, transported to the tissues, and used to do work
60
Glossary: Mucus
thick, slippery material that is secreted by the mucous membrane and keeps the membrane moist
61
Glossary: Nasal cavity
the moist, warm cavities lined by mucosa located just beyond the nostrils; olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa
62
Glossary: Nasal septum
a partition that separates the right and left nasal cavities
63
Glossary: Nasopharynx
the uppermost portion of the tube just behind the nasal cavities
64
Glossary: Nose
respiratory organ
65
Glossary: Oropharynx
the portion of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth
66
Glossary: oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)
oxygenated form of hemoglobin
67
Glossary: palatine tonsil
either of a pair of lymphoid masses located behind and below the pillars of the fauces
68
Glossary: Paramedic
health care worker trained to assist a physician or to give care in the absence of a physician, often as part of a first-responder team
69
Glossary: paranasal sinus
four pairs of sinuses that have openings into the nose
70
Glossary: Partial pressure (P)
pressure exerted by any one gas in a mixture of gases or in a liquid; symbol used to designate partial pressure is the capital letter P preceding the chemical symbol for the gas
70
Glossary: pharyngeal tonsil
tonsils located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx; when enlarged, referred to as adenoids
71
Glossary: pharynx
organ of the digestive and respiratory system; commonly called the throat
72
Glossary: phrenic nerve
the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract
72
Glossary: pleura
the serous membrane in the thoracic cavity that lines each pleural cavity and covers the lungs
73
Glossary: pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
74
Glossary: pneumothorax
Accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing collapse of the lung
74
Glossary: Primary bronchi
first branches of the trachea (right and left primary bronchi)
74
Glossary: pulmonary ventilation
breathing; process that moves air in and out of the lungs
75
Glossary: Residual volume (RV)
the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
76
Glossary: respiration
process that results in the absorption, transport, and utilization or exchange of respiratory gases between an organism and its environment
77
Glossary: Respiratory arrest
cessation of breathing without resumption
78
Glossary: resp. control center
any of the centers located in the medulla and pons that regulate the muscles of respiration
79
Glossary: Resp. membrane
the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli
80
Glossary: resp. mucosa
mucus-covered membrane that lines the tubes of the resp. tree
81
Glossary: resp. system
the organs that allow the exchange of oxygen from the air with the CO2 from the blood
82
Glossary: Resp. therapist
health professional who helps patients increase respiratory function or overcome or cope with the effects of respiratory conditions
83
Glossary: Secondary bronchi
smaller bronchial branches resulting from division of primary bronchi
84
Glossary: sinusitis
sinus infection
84
Glossary: spirometer
an instrument used to measure the amount of air exchanged in breathing
85
Glossary: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
abnormal terminal condition in which an infant stops breathing
86
Glossary: Surfactant
a substance covering the surface of the resp. membrane inside the alveolus, which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing
87
Glossary: Tidal volume (TV)
amount of air breathed in and out with each breath
87
Glossary: tonsilitis
an inflammation of the tonsils
88
Glossary: tonsils
mass of lymphoid tissue; protects against bacteria; three types: palatine - located on each side of the throat, pharyngeal (adenoids) - near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity, and lingual tonsils - near the base of the tongue
89
Glossary: trachea
the windpipe; the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi
90
Glossary: tracheostomy
an opening in the trachea made by the tracheotomy (surgical cutting of the trachea)
91
Glossary: tracheotomy
surgical procedure in which an opening is cut into the trachea to maximize ventilation of the lower resp. tract
92
Glossary: turbinate
curving or spiral in structure
93
Glossary: Upper resp. tract
division of resp. tract outside the thorax that is composed of the nose, pharynx, and larynx
93
Glossary: Vital capacity (VC)
largest amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs in one inspiration of expiration
94
Glossary: Vocal cord
One of the bands of tissue in larynx responsible for production of sound (Speech)

Nursing 120 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions