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Nursing 120 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of an organism and the relationship to its part

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2
Q

define Physiology

A

Study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

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3
Q

what are the three steps to the scientific method

A
  • hypothesis
  • experiment
  • theory or law
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4
Q

define cells

A

smallest “living” units of structure and function

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5
Q

Define tissues

A

organizations of many cells that work together to perform a common function

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6
Q

define organs

A

groups of several different types of tissues arranged to act as a unit to perform a special function

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7
Q

define systems

A

organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that work together to perform complex functions

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8
Q

what are the different anatomical directions (10)

A

superior - towards the head
inferior - towards the feet
anterior - front
posterior - back
medial - towards the midline
lateral - toward the side or away from the midline
proximal - nearest the point of origin
distal - farthest from the point of origin
superficial - near the surface
deep - further away from the surface

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9
Q

What are the five planes of the body

A

sagittal plane (right and left sections)
midsagittal plane (equal parts)
frontal plane (anterior and posterior portions also known as coronal plane)
transverse plane (upper and lower sections)
oblique plane

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10
Q

what are the two dorsal cavities

A

cranial cavity
spinal cavity

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11
Q

what are the two ventral cavities

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- upper and lower thoracic cavities

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12
Q

ventral cavities

A
  • thoracic
  • pleural
  • mediastinum
  • diaphragm
  • abdominal
  • abdominopelvic
  • pelvic
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13
Q

what are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

RUQ - right upper (right superior) quadrant
RLQ - right lower (right inferior) quadrant
LUQ - left upper (left superior) quadrant
LLQ - left lower (left inferior) quadrant

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14
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

upper - right and left hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region
middle - right and left lumbar regions and the umbilical region
lower - right and left iliac regions and the hypogastric region

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15
Q

what does supine and prone mean

A

supine - means you are lying on your back facing upwards
prone - lying on your stomach facing downwards

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16
Q

what are in the axial regions

A

head, neck, and torso (or trunk)

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17
Q

what are in the appendicular region

A

upper and lower extremities

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18
Q

what are three aspects of the balance of body functions

A

internal environment
feedback control (+ or - feedback loops)
normal fluctuations

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19
Q

what are feed back loops

A

general control system of the body

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20
Q

what are + and - feedback loops

A
  • = opposes the change in a controlled condition
    += intensifies the change that is occurring
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21
Q

conditions controlled by homeostasis…

A
  • are not unconditionally constant
  • fluctuate near an ideal value
  • ability to maintain balance is related to age
    (developmental processes, aging processes)
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22
Q

Glossary: Abdominal

A

relating to the abdomen (belly)

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23
Q

Glossary: Abdominal cavity

A

the cavity containing the abdominal organs

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24
Q

Glossary: Abdominopelvic cavity

A

the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs, which is subdivided into two compartments - the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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25
Glossary: abdominopelvic quadrant
any of the four regions formed by dividing the abdominopelvic cavity an imaginary cross formed by a vertical and horizontal line
26
Glossary: abdominopelvic region
surface area of the body related to the abdominopelvic cavity
27
Glossary: allied health professions
fields of health-care work such as therapists, medical assistants, technicians, and others who are not physicians or nurses
28
Glossary: anatomical position
the standard neutral reference position for the body - used to describe sites or motion of various body parts; gives meaning to directional terms
29
Glossary: anatomist
professional engaged in the study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its part
30
Glossary: anatomy
the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts
31
Glossary: antebrachial
refers to the forearm
32
Glossary: anthropology
science of human origins, culture, characteristics, society, and beliefs
33
Glossary: Appendicular
refers to the upper and lower extremities of the body
34
Glossary: atrophy
wasting away of tissue' decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy
35
Glossary: axial
relating to the central axis of the body: head, neck, and torso or trunk
36
Glossary: axillary
relating to the armpit
37
Glossary: brachial
relating to the arm
38
Glossary: buccal
relating to the cheek
39
Glossary: carpal
relating to the wrist
40
Glossary: cell
the basic biological and structural unit of the body consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed by a membrane
41
Glossary: cervical
relating to the neck
41
Glossary: cephalic
refers to the head
42
Glossary: chemical level
level of biological organization that includes chemical particles such as atoms and molecules
43
Glossary: control centera
a nervous system structure that acts as an integrating or regulating mechanism
44
Glossary: cranial
toward the head
45
Glossary: cranial cavity
space inside the skull that contains the brain
46
Glossary: crural
refers to the leg
47
Glossary: cubital
refers to the elbow or the forearm
48
Glossary: cutaneous
relating to the skin
49
Glossary: digital
refers to the fingers and toes
50
Glossary: dissection
cutting technique used to separate body parts for study
50
Glossary: directional term
a word that signifies or relates to anatomical direction, such as anterior, posterior, superior, inferior
51
Glossary: dorsal
referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal
52
Glossary: dorsal body cavity
includes cranial and spinal cavities
53
Glossary: effector
responding organ; ie, voluntary and involuntary muscles, the heart, and glands
54
Glossary: epigastric region
superior center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a 'tic-tac-toe' grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; found just inferior to the sternum
55
Glossary: facial
referring to the face
56
Glossary: femoral
referring to the thigh
57
Glossary: frontal
relating to the forehead or the anterior aspect of a structure
58
Glossary: gluteal
of or near the buttocks
59
Glossary: hypochondriac region
far left and right superior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a 'tic-tac-toe' grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located partly beneath the cartilage of the lower rib cage
60
Glossary: hypogastric region
inferior, center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a 'tic-tac-toe' grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located approximately in the central pelvic area
61
Glossary: iliac region
either of the far left and right inferior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a 'tic-tac-toe' grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located in the right and left pelvic areas
62
Glossary: inguinal
of the groin
63
Glossary: law
a scientific law is a theory, or explanation of a scientific principle, with an extraordinarily high degree of confidence of scientists based on experimentation
64
Glossary: levels of organization
grouping of structural components from microscopic to gross, used as a manner of organizing concepts of biological scale
65
Glossary: lumbar
lower back, between the ribs and the pelvis
66
Glossary: lumbar region
either of the far left or right middle regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a 'tic-tac-toe' grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located approximately the same level as the lumbar vertebrae
67
Glossary: mammary
relating to the breast
68
Glossary: mediastinum
a subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity
69
Glossary: microbiome
all the interacting ecosystems of microbes (bacteria, fungi, etc.) that live on or in the human body; also called the human microbiome or human microbial system
70
Glossary: midsagittal plane
a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves
71
Glossary: oblique plane
imagines flat plane that runs diagonally to an axis of the body or one of its parts, producing a slanted, oblique section or cut
72
Glossary: occipital
relating to the back of the skull, as in occipital bone or occipital region
73
Glossary: olecranal
relating to the elbow
74
Glossary: ophthalmic
relating to the eye
75
Glossary: oral
relating to the mouth
76
Glossary: orbital
relating to the eye region or orbit (socket) of the eye; region of an atom inhabited by electrons
77
Glossary: organ
group of several tissue types that performs a special function
78
Glossary: organism
an individual, living thing
79
Glossary: palmar
referring to the palm of the hand
80
Glossary: pedal
foot
81
Glossary: pelvic
relating to the pelvis (basin formed by coxal bones)
82
Glossary: pelvic cavity
portion of the ventral cavity formed by the basin of the pelvic (hip) girdle; the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
83
Glossary: parineal
refers to the area between the anus and genitals called the perineum
84
Glossary: plane
flat surface or imagined flat surface
85
Glossary: plantar
relating to the sole of the foot
86
Glossary: pleural cavity
a lateral subdivision of the thorax where a lung resides
87
Glossary: popliteal
behind the knee
88
Glossary: prone
term used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward
89
Glossary: section
process of making a cut; a cutting; a segment of a larger structure
90
Glossary: sensor
in a feedback loop, the mechanism that detects changes in the physiological variable being monitored and regulated
91
Glossary: spinal cavity
the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes
92
Glossary: superficial
near the body surface
93
Glossary: supraclavicular
area above the clavicle
94
Glossary: system
group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone
95
Glossary: tarsal
relating to the ankle
96
Glossary: temporal
a bodily part (such as a bone or muscle) that is near the temples or the sides of the skull behind
97
Glossary: thoracic
relating to the chest area of the body (upper trunk)
98
Glossary: thoracic cavity
hollow space within the larger ventral body cavity that contains the lungs (in pleural cavities) and heart (in the mediastinum)
99
Glossary: tissue
group of similar cells that perform a common function
100
Glossary: transverse plane
horizontal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts
101
Glossary: umbilical
relating to the navel
102
Glossary: ventral body cavity
organ-containing space in the anterior trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
103
Glossary: volar
palm or sole
104
Glossary: zygomatic bone
cheek bone; also called the malar bone

Nursing 120 (13 decks)

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