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Nursing 120 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of an organism and the relationship to its part

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2
Q

define Physiology

A

Study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

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3
Q

what are the three steps to the scientific method

A
  • hypothesis
  • experiment
  • theory or law
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4
Q

define cells

A

smallest “living” units of structure and function

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5
Q

Define tissues

A

organizations of many cells that work together to perform a common function

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6
Q

define organs

A

groups of several different types of tissues arranged to act as a unit to perform a special function

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7
Q

define systems

A

organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that work together to perform complex functions

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8
Q

what are the different anatomical directions (10)

A

superior - towards the head
inferior - towards the feet
anterior - front
posterior - back
medial - towards the midline
lateral - toward the side or away from the midline
proximal - nearest the point of origin
distal - farthest from the point of origin
superficial - near the surface
deep - further away from the surface

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9
Q

What are the five planes of the body

A

sagittal plane (right and left sections)
midsagittal plane (equal parts)
frontal plane (anterior and posterior portions also known as coronal plane)
transverse plane (upper and lower sections)
oblique plane

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10
Q

what are the two dorsal cavities

A

cranial cavity
spinal cavity

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11
Q

what are the two ventral cavities

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
- upper and lower thoracic cavities

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12
Q

ventral cavities

A
  • thoracic
  • pleural
  • mediastinum
  • diaphragm
  • abdominal
  • abdominopelvic
  • pelvic
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13
Q

what are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

RUQ - right upper (right superior) quadrant
RLQ - right lower (right inferior) quadrant
LUQ - left upper (left superior) quadrant
LLQ - left lower (left inferior) quadrant

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14
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

upper - right and left hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region
middle - right and left lumbar regions and the umbilical region
lower - right and left iliac regions and the hypogastric region

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15
Q

what does supine and prone mean

A

supine - means you are lying on your back facing upwards
prone - lying on your stomach facing downwards

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16
Q

what are in the axial regions

A

head, neck, and torso (or trunk)

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17
Q

what are in the appendicular region

A

upper and lower extremities

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18
Q

what are three aspects of the balance of body functions

A

internal environment
feedback control (+ or - feedback loops)
normal fluctuations

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19
Q

what are feed back loops

A

general control system of the body

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20
Q

what are + and - feedback loops

A
  • = opposes the change in a controlled condition
    += intensifies the change that is occurring
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21
Q

conditions controlled by homeostasis…

A
  • are not unconditionally constant
  • fluctuate near an ideal value
  • ability to maintain balance is related to age
    (developmental processes, aging processes)
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22
Q

Glossary: Abdominal

A

relating to the abdomen (belly)

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23
Q

Glossary: Abdominal cavity

A

the cavity containing the abdominal organs

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24
Q

Glossary: Abdominopelvic cavity

A

the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic organs, which is subdivided into two compartments - the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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25
Q

Glossary: abdominopelvic quadrant

A

any of the four regions formed by dividing the abdominopelvic cavity an imaginary cross formed by a vertical and horizontal line

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26
Q

Glossary: abdominopelvic region

A

surface area of the body related to the abdominopelvic cavity

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27
Q

Glossary: allied health professions

A

fields of health-care work such as therapists, medical assistants, technicians, and others who are not physicians or nurses

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28
Q

Glossary: anatomical position

A

the standard neutral reference position for the body - used to describe sites or motion of various body parts; gives meaning to directional terms

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29
Q

Glossary: anatomist

A

professional engaged in the study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its part

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30
Q

Glossary: anatomy

A

the study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts

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31
Q

Glossary: antebrachial

A

refers to the forearm

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32
Q

Glossary: anthropology

A

science of human origins, culture, characteristics, society, and beliefs

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33
Q

Glossary: Appendicular

A

refers to the upper and lower extremities of the body

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34
Q

Glossary: atrophy

A

wasting away of tissue’ decrease in size of a part; sometimes referred to as disuse atrophy

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35
Q

Glossary: axial

A

relating to the central axis of the body: head, neck, and torso or trunk

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36
Q

Glossary: axillary

A

relating to the armpit

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37
Q

Glossary: brachial

A

relating to the arm

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38
Q

Glossary: buccal

A

relating to the cheek

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39
Q

Glossary: carpal

A

relating to the wrist

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40
Q

Glossary: cell

A

the basic biological and structural unit of the body consisting of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed by a membrane

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41
Q

Glossary: cervical

A

relating to the neck

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41
Q

Glossary: cephalic

A

refers to the head

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42
Q

Glossary: chemical level

A

level of biological organization that includes chemical particles such as atoms and molecules

43
Q

Glossary: control centera

A

a nervous system structure that acts as an integrating or regulating mechanism

44
Q

Glossary: cranial

A

toward the head

45
Q

Glossary: cranial cavity

A

space inside the skull that contains the brain

46
Q

Glossary: crural

A

refers to the leg

47
Q

Glossary: cubital

A

refers to the elbow or the forearm

48
Q

Glossary: cutaneous

A

relating to the skin

49
Q

Glossary: digital

A

refers to the fingers and toes

50
Q

Glossary: dissection

A

cutting technique used to separate body parts for study

50
Q

Glossary: directional term

A

a word that signifies or relates to anatomical direction, such as anterior, posterior, superior, inferior

51
Q

Glossary: dorsal

A

referring to the back; opposite of ventral; in humans, the posterior is dorsal

52
Q

Glossary: dorsal body cavity

A

includes cranial and spinal cavities

53
Q

Glossary: effector

A

responding organ; ie, voluntary and involuntary muscles, the heart, and glands

54
Q

Glossary: epigastric region

A

superior center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a ‘tic-tac-toe’ grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; found just inferior to the sternum

55
Q

Glossary: facial

A

referring to the face

56
Q

Glossary: femoral

A

referring to the thigh

57
Q

Glossary: frontal

A

relating to the forehead or the anterior aspect of a structure

58
Q

Glossary: gluteal

A

of or near the buttocks

59
Q

Glossary: hypochondriac region

A

far left and right superior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a ‘tic-tac-toe’ grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located partly beneath the cartilage of the lower rib cage

60
Q

Glossary: hypogastric region

A

inferior, center region of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a ‘tic-tac-toe’ grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located approximately in the central pelvic area

61
Q

Glossary: iliac region

A

either of the far left and right inferior corner regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a ‘tic-tac-toe’ grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located in the right and left pelvic areas

62
Q

Glossary: inguinal

A

of the groin

63
Q

Glossary: law

A

a scientific law is a theory, or explanation of a scientific principle, with an extraordinarily high degree of confidence of scientists based on experimentation

64
Q

Glossary: levels of organization

A

grouping of structural components from microscopic to gross, used as a manner of organizing concepts of biological scale

65
Q

Glossary: lumbar

A

lower back, between the ribs and the pelvis

66
Q

Glossary: lumbar region

A

either of the far left or right middle regions of nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity, as identified by a ‘tic-tac-toe’ grid laid out over the abdominopelvic area; located approximately the same level as the lumbar vertebrae

67
Q

Glossary: mammary

A

relating to the breast

68
Q

Glossary: mediastinum

A

a subdivision in the midportion of the thoracic cavity

69
Q

Glossary: microbiome

A

all the interacting ecosystems of microbes (bacteria, fungi, etc.) that live on or in the human body; also called the human microbiome or human microbial system

70
Q

Glossary: midsagittal plane

A

a cut or plane that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal halves

71
Q

Glossary: oblique plane

A

imagines flat plane that runs diagonally to an axis of the body or one of its parts, producing a slanted, oblique section or cut

72
Q

Glossary: occipital

A

relating to the back of the skull, as in occipital bone or occipital region

73
Q

Glossary: olecranal

A

relating to the elbow

74
Q

Glossary: ophthalmic

A

relating to the eye

75
Q

Glossary: oral

A

relating to the mouth

76
Q

Glossary: orbital

A

relating to the eye region or orbit (socket) of the eye; region of an atom inhabited by electrons

77
Q

Glossary: organ

A

group of several tissue types that performs a special function

78
Q

Glossary: organism

A

an individual, living thing

79
Q

Glossary: palmar

A

referring to the palm of the hand

80
Q

Glossary: pedal

A

foot

81
Q

Glossary: pelvic

A

relating to the pelvis (basin formed by coxal bones)

82
Q

Glossary: pelvic cavity

A

portion of the ventral cavity formed by the basin of the pelvic (hip) girdle; the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

83
Q

Glossary: parineal

A

refers to the area between the anus and genitals called the perineum

84
Q

Glossary: plane

A

flat surface or imagined flat surface

85
Q

Glossary: plantar

A

relating to the sole of the foot

86
Q

Glossary: pleural cavity

A

a lateral subdivision of the thorax where a lung resides

87
Q

Glossary: popliteal

A

behind the knee

88
Q

Glossary: prone

A

term used to describe the body lying in a horizontal position facing downward

89
Q

Glossary: section

A

process of making a cut; a cutting; a segment of a larger structure

90
Q

Glossary: sensor

A

in a feedback loop, the mechanism that detects changes in the physiological variable being monitored and regulated

91
Q

Glossary: spinal cavity

A

the space inside the spinal column through which the spinal cord passes

92
Q

Glossary: superficial

A

near the body surface

93
Q

Glossary: supraclavicular

A

area above the clavicle

94
Q

Glossary: system

A

group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone

95
Q

Glossary: tarsal

A

relating to the ankle

96
Q

Glossary: temporal

A

a bodily part (such as a bone or muscle) that is near the temples or the sides of the skull behind

97
Q

Glossary: thoracic

A

relating to the chest area of the body (upper trunk)

98
Q

Glossary: thoracic cavity

A

hollow space within the larger ventral body cavity that contains the lungs (in pleural cavities) and heart (in the mediastinum)

99
Q

Glossary: tissue

A

group of similar cells that perform a common function

100
Q

Glossary: transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts

101
Q

Glossary: umbilical

A

relating to the navel

102
Q

Glossary: ventral body cavity

A

organ-containing space in the anterior trunk of the body that includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

103
Q

Glossary: volar

A

palm or sole

104
Q

Glossary: zygomatic bone

A

cheek bone; also called the malar bone

Nursing 120 (13 decks)

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