Module 20 ch. 21/44 Flashcards
Discolorations of teeth happen in what 3 ways
adheres to the surfaces
is in calculus/biofilm
incorporated in tooth/restorative structure
Extrinsic Stain occur on the _____ surface and ___ be removed.
external
may
Intrinsic stains occur ______ substance and _____ be removed.
inside tooth
cannot
What stains develop from sources outside the tooth.
Exogenous
Endogenous stains develop _______ the tooth and are always the ______ type
within
intrinsic
Yellow stain is associated with?
biofilm
_____ stain has demineralization underneath it and _____ be scaled
Green
shouldn’t
Green stain is mostly found on what surfaces
facial cervical 1/3 of MX anterior tooth
Green stain results from oral ____, ____bacteria, and gingival _____
uncleanliness
chromogenic
hemorrhage
What stain is highly retentive and forms along the gingival 1/3
Black-Line
Black Line Stain follows contour of __ about ___ above the crest
gingiva
1mm
Black-Line stain is most frequently on what surfaces
lingual/proximal of maxillary posterior
Black Line stain is more commonly found in _____
females
What stain appears light brown to dark leathery.
Tobacco stain
A ____ sometimes __ stain forms on teeth in pellicle after repeated use of stannous fluoride
light brown
yellowish
What chemotherapeutics can cause brown stain
Chlorhexidine
Alexidine
What causes a dark mahogany almost black stain and is common in eastern countries
Betel Leaf
What type of stains may be related to the period of tooth development.
Endogenous Intrinsic
What stain is caused by an antibiotic and can be absorbed by the bones and teeth and can be transferred through the placenta.
Tetracycline
What color is tetracycline stain
light green to dark yellow
gray-brown
Color of tetracycline stain depends on?
dosage
length of time used
type of tetracycline
Defective tooth development may result from ____ abnormality or ______ influences
genetic
environment
What hereditary disease is seen when the teeth appear translucent or opalescent
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
What hereditary disease is seen when the enamel is partially or completely missing and teeth are yellowish-brown to gray-brown
Amerlogenesis imperfecta
_____ is when teeth erupt with white spots or with pits that can discolor
Enamel Hypoplasia
What type of stains are inside the tooth but come from an outside source
Exogenous Intrinsic
What types of exogenous stains can become Intrinsic
Tobacco
Green
Polishing procedures can interrupt enamel _____
remineralization
Can you use polishing agents on restorative materials?
NO
What are the rules for using polishing agents
Light Pressure
Moist Agent
Is stain removal recommended after gingival and periodontal treatments?
NO
You should use _____ to polish if no unsightly stain is present
tooth paste
The rate of abrasion is controlled by the _ and __ of the particles as well as the manner in which they are _____
hardness
shape
applied
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
MOHS Hardness values
5
- 0-4.0
- 5-3.0
__ shaped particles produce deeper grooves
irregular
Many abrasives used are _ times harder than tooth surface
10
Particles that fracture into smaller sharp-edged particles are _____ abrasive
more
smaller particles are _____ abrasive
less
You should use ___ agents and apply a rubber polishing cup using ____ speed and _____ touch
wet
low
light
You should apply polishing paste at a ___ angle to the tooth
90
Rubber polishing points can be used around ____, fixed ___ and in ___spaces
orthodontic
bridges
interproximal
What slow speed attachment is used selectively and limited to occlusal surfaces
bristle
The air-powder polisher should be kept in a constant ____ motion and _to_mm away from enamel
circular
4
5
The spray is angled away from ____ and at a _____degree angle
gingiva
90
What is the MOHS hardness for Sodium Bicarbonate
2.5
Advantages of air-powder polishing
less time
ergonomically favorable
generates no heat
For anterior teeth the nozzle is at a ____ degree angle
60
For posterior teeth the nozzle is at an ___ degree angle
80
Air-powder polishing is contraindicated for patients with?
sodium restricted diet respiratory diseases (COPD) End-stage renal disease (Addisons/Cushings) Communicable infections Immunocompormised patients
Air-powder polishing can’t be done on ____, cements, and other _____ materials because it can cause _____
composite
non-metallic
pitting
