Costley Module 15 ch 19 Flashcards
The acquired pellicle is a ____ membranous layer that is ____, ____, and ____
tenacious
acellular
amorphous
organic
The thickness of pellicle ranges from ___ to ___ micrometers
- 1
0. 8
Acquired pellicle begins to form ____ after all external material has been removed
minutes
adsorbed means?
attached to
Pellicle is composed of _____ from the ___
glycoproteins
saliva
Pellicle, once adsorbed, becomes highly ____
insoluble
What are the 3 types of pellicle
surface - unstained
surface - stained
subsurface
Surface pellicle is __ so when it is stained with a disclosing agent it appears?
clear
thin with pale staining
Surface pellicle is continuous with _____
subsurface
Benefits of Pellicle:
Pellicle provides a barrier against _____ and keeps surfaces _____
acid
moist
Disadvantages of Pellicle:
Pellicle participates in _____ formation and is a mode of _____ attachment
biofilm
calculus
Subgingival acquired pellicle is derived from?
gingival sulcus fluid
Dental biofilm is a ____, non- ______, _____ ___ of ____ in a _-___ _______ matrix
dense mineralized complex mass Colonies gel-like intermicrobial
Biofilm or “_____” contains many types of ______ more than ___ distinct species are found.
plaque
microorganisms (bacteria)
600
What are the 3 steps in biofilm formation
pellicle formation
bacterial colonization
biofilm maturation
Stage 1 of biofilm formation?
salivary glycoproteins adsorbed onto enamel
Stage 2 of biofilm formation?
colonization of the pellicle by microorganisms
bacteria stick to pellicle layer
Stage 3 of biofilm formation?
increase in mass and thickness of biofilm due to bacterial multiplication
The shape and size of subgingival biofilm is molded by _____
shape of pocket wall
Healthy gingiva have ___ biofilm with __ to ____cells thick
thin
15
20
Chronic gingivitis has ____ biofilm with ___ to ____ cells thick
thick
100
300
What are the 3 layers involved in subgingival biofilm
tooth surface
unattached middle
pocket epithelium
The tooth surface has ____ type of bacteria attached
rod/cocci gram +
The unattached biofilm in the middle (subgingival) has __ type of bacteria and what else floating around
spirochetes gram -
leukocytes
The epithelium-attached biofilm has ___ type of bacteria and what else?
motile gram -
leukocytes
The source of nutrients for bacteria in subgingival biofilm are?
sulcular fluid
exudate
leukocytes
What contributes to the adhesion of biofilm to the teeth (besides pellicle)
sticky substance of polysaccharides in dietary sucrose
What bacteria dominate the bacterial population in biofilm
streptococcus mutans and sanguis
Days 4 to 7 of biofilm maturation:
_____ type bacteria increase and ____ appear. Also, gram ______ _____ and _____ are starting to be seen
filaments fusobacteria negative spirochetes vibrios
Days 1-4 of biofilm maturation consist mainly of gram _____ ____
However, _____and ___ forms of bacteria may be seen
positive
cocci
rods
filaments
1 week to 2 weeks of biofilm maturation:
___ and _____ are now easily seen and the number of ______ increases
spirochetes
vibrios
WBC
As biofilm matures and thickens, more gram ______ and ___ organisms appear
negative
anaerobic
At what time during biofilm maturation does inflammation begin to be observed clinically
1-2 wk time frame
At what time during biofilm maturation is gingivitis evident clinically
2-3 wk time frame
Most gingivitis is _____ and health can return within____
reversible
days
Subgingival biofilm comes from?
proliferation of supragingival biofilm
Biofilm composition is _____% organic/inorganic and _____ % water
20
80
Microorganisms make up ___% or the organic component of biofilm
70-80
The inorganic elements of biofilm are _____, ___ ,_______ and sometimes ___
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Fluoride
The organic components (other than microorganisms) of biofilm are _____, _____ and small amounts of ______?
Carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
Biofilm occurs most frequently on ____ surfaces and around the ____ third
proximal
gingival
What surfaces may have the least amount of biofilm due to activity of tongue
palatal
Record biofilm by _____ and _____
location
extent (slight, moderate, heavy)
Biofilm plays a major role in initiation and progression of ___ and ____
caries
periodontal disease
Biofilm that is mineralized is termed?
Calculus
______ bacteria have a role in progression of a carious lesion and _____ bacteria are prominent in initiation of a carious process
Lactobacilli
Streptococci
Decreased _____ and increased ____ promote the growth of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in biofilm
salivary flow (xerostomia) carbohydrate consumption
Acid formation begins ______ when the cariogenic substance is taken into biofilm
immediately
How long does it take for the pH of biofilm to return to a normal level?
1-2hrs
biofilm pH before eating?
6.2-7.0
Critical pH for enamel demineralization?
4.5-5.5
Critical pH for root surface demineralization
6.0-6.7
The amount of demineralization depends on?
length of time and frequency of critical pH being in contact with tooth surface
The incipient carious lesion begins with?
subsurface demineralization
_____ is not needed in the mouth for biofilm to form
food particles
What types of food are more cariogenic? soft or hard
soft
The friction of mastication has been shown to affect only the ___ and ____ of the crowns of teeth in biofilm removal
occlusal
incisal 1/3
In health the majority of bacteria are anaerobic gram +? True or False
False
Aerobic gram + is the True answer
What is a loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris found on top of biofilm
materia alba
Materia alba is __, ___-deposit that is _ or _____ in color and resembles ______
bulky soft white grayish white cottage cheese
_____ and ___ are seen frequently under materia alba
tooth surface demineralization
early noncavitated lesions
How is materia alba removed
water spray or oral irrigator
Loose food particles collect about the ___ 1/3 and ____ embrasures of teeth
cervical
proximal
