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Dental Hygiene 1 > Costley Module 15 ch 19 > Flashcards

Costley Module 15 ch 19 Flashcards

1
Q

The acquired pellicle is a ____ membranous layer that is ____, ____, and ____

A

tenacious
acellular
amorphous
organic

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2
Q

The thickness of pellicle ranges from ___ to ___ micrometers

A
  1. 1

0. 8

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3
Q

Acquired pellicle begins to form ____ after all external material has been removed

A

minutes

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4
Q

adsorbed means?

A

attached to

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5
Q

Pellicle is composed of _____ from the ___

A

glycoproteins

saliva

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6
Q

Pellicle, once adsorbed, becomes highly ____

A

insoluble

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of pellicle

A

surface - unstained
surface - stained
subsurface

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8
Q

Surface pellicle is __ so when it is stained with a disclosing agent it appears?

A

clear

thin with pale staining

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9
Q

Surface pellicle is continuous with _____

A

subsurface

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10
Q

Benefits of Pellicle:

Pellicle provides a barrier against _____ and keeps surfaces _____

A

acid

moist

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Pellicle:

Pellicle participates in _____ formation and is a mode of _____ attachment

A

biofilm

calculus

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12
Q

Subgingival acquired pellicle is derived from?

A

gingival sulcus fluid

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13
Q

Dental biofilm is a ____, non- ______, _____ ___ of ____ in a _-___ _______ matrix

A 
dense
mineralized
complex mass
Colonies
gel-like
intermicrobial
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14
Q

Biofilm or “_____” contains many types of ______ more than ___ distinct species are found.

A

plaque
microorganisms (bacteria)
600

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15
Q

What are the 3 steps in biofilm formation

A

pellicle formation
bacterial colonization
biofilm maturation

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16
Q

Stage 1 of biofilm formation?

A

salivary glycoproteins adsorbed onto enamel

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17
Q

Stage 2 of biofilm formation?

A

colonization of the pellicle by microorganisms

bacteria stick to pellicle layer

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18
Q

Stage 3 of biofilm formation?

A

increase in mass and thickness of biofilm due to bacterial multiplication

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19
Q

The shape and size of subgingival biofilm is molded by _____

A

shape of pocket wall

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20
Q

Healthy gingiva have ___ biofilm with __ to ____cells thick

A

thin
15
20

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21
Q

Chronic gingivitis has ____ biofilm with ___ to ____ cells thick

A

thick
100
300

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22
Q

What are the 3 layers involved in subgingival biofilm

A

tooth surface
unattached middle
pocket epithelium

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23
Q

The tooth surface has ____ type of bacteria attached

A

rod/cocci gram +

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24
Q

The unattached biofilm in the middle (subgingival) has __ type of bacteria and what else floating around

A

spirochetes gram -

leukocytes

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25
Q

The epithelium-attached biofilm has ___ type of bacteria and what else?

A

motile gram -

leukocytes

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26
Q

The source of nutrients for bacteria in subgingival biofilm are?

A

sulcular fluid
exudate
leukocytes

27
Q

What contributes to the adhesion of biofilm to the teeth (besides pellicle)

A

sticky substance of polysaccharides in dietary sucrose

28
Q

What bacteria dominate the bacterial population in biofilm

A

streptococcus mutans and sanguis

29
Q

Days 4 to 7 of biofilm maturation:

_____ type bacteria increase and ____ appear. Also, gram ______ _____ and _____ are starting to be seen

A 
filaments
fusobacteria
negative
spirochetes
vibrios
30
Q

Days 1-4 of biofilm maturation consist mainly of gram _____ ____
However, _____and ___ forms of bacteria may be seen

A

positive
cocci
rods
filaments

31
Q

1 week to 2 weeks of biofilm maturation:

___ and _____ are now easily seen and the number of ______ increases

A

spirochetes
vibrios
WBC

32
Q

As biofilm matures and thickens, more gram ______ and ___ organisms appear

A

negative

anaerobic

33
Q

At what time during biofilm maturation does inflammation begin to be observed clinically

A

1-2 wk time frame

34
Q

At what time during biofilm maturation is gingivitis evident clinically

A

2-3 wk time frame

35
Q

Most gingivitis is _____ and health can return within____

A

reversible

days

36
Q

Subgingival biofilm comes from?

A

proliferation of supragingival biofilm

37
Q

Biofilm composition is _____% organic/inorganic and _____ % water

A

20

80

38
Q

Microorganisms make up ___% or the organic component of biofilm

A

70-80

39
Q

The inorganic elements of biofilm are _____, ___ ,_______ and sometimes ___

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Fluoride

40
Q

The organic components (other than microorganisms) of biofilm are _____, _____ and small amounts of ______?

A

Carbohydrates
proteins
lipids

41
Q

Biofilm occurs most frequently on ____ surfaces and around the ____ third

A

proximal

gingival

42
Q

What surfaces may have the least amount of biofilm due to activity of tongue

A

palatal

43
Q

Record biofilm by _____ and _____

A

location

extent (slight, moderate, heavy)

44
Q

Biofilm plays a major role in initiation and progression of ___ and ____

A

caries

periodontal disease

45
Q

Biofilm that is mineralized is termed?

A

Calculus

46
Q

______ bacteria have a role in progression of a carious lesion and _____ bacteria are prominent in initiation of a carious process

A

Lactobacilli

Streptococci

47
Q

Decreased _____ and increased ____ promote the growth of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in biofilm

A 
salivary flow (xerostomia)
carbohydrate consumption
48
Q

Acid formation begins ______ when the cariogenic substance is taken into biofilm

A

immediately

49
Q

How long does it take for the pH of biofilm to return to a normal level?

A

1-2hrs

50
Q

biofilm pH before eating?

A

6.2-7.0

51
Q

Critical pH for enamel demineralization?

A

4.5-5.5

52
Q

Critical pH for root surface demineralization

A

6.0-6.7

53
Q

The amount of demineralization depends on?

A

length of time and frequency of critical pH being in contact with tooth surface

54
Q

The incipient carious lesion begins with?

A

subsurface demineralization

55
Q

_____ is not needed in the mouth for biofilm to form

A

food particles

56
Q

What types of food are more cariogenic? soft or hard

A

soft

57
Q

The friction of mastication has been shown to affect only the ___ and ____ of the crowns of teeth in biofilm removal

A

occlusal

incisal 1/3

58
Q

In health the majority of bacteria are anaerobic gram +? True or False

A

False

Aerobic gram + is the True answer

59
Q

What is a loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris found on top of biofilm

A

materia alba

60
Q

Materia alba is __, ___-deposit that is _ or _____ in color and resembles ______

A 
bulky
soft
white
grayish white
cottage cheese
61
Q

_____ and ___ are seen frequently under materia alba

A

tooth surface demineralization

early noncavitated lesions

62
Q

How is materia alba removed

A

water spray or oral irrigator

63
Q

Loose food particles collect about the ___ 1/3 and ____ embrasures of teeth

A

cervical

proximal

Dental Hygiene 1 (26 decks)

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