Costley Module 16 ch 20 Flashcards
What are the 2 most frequent surfaces you find calculus on?
lingual MN anteriors
facial MX molars
What are some other names for supra-gingival calculus
supra-marginal
extra-gingival
Coronal
Salivary
What are some other names for sub-gingival calculus
Submarginal
Serumal
Mature calculus is usually ___ to ___% inorganic
70-90
at least 2/3 of the inorganic matter of calculus is _____
hydroxyapatite
What are the other types of crystalline found in calculus
brushite
whitlockite
octacalcium phosphate
Enamel contains ___% inorganic material
96
Dentin contains ______% inorganic material
65
Cementum and bone contain __ to _% inorganic material
45-50
The organic component of calculus is made up of?
microorganisms
desquamated epithelial cells
leukocytes
mucin
Calculus results from the deposition of _____ into a biofilm organic matrix
minerals
What are the 3 steps to calculus formation
pellicle formation
biofilm formation
mineralization
Early Calculus Formation is when _____ form
mineralization foci (centers)
Mineralization first occurs within the _____
intermicrobial matrix
Heavy calculus former have higher salivary levels of _____
calcium and phosphorus
Light calculus formers have a higher level of ______
parotid pyrophosphate
What is an inhibitor of calcification and is used in anti-calculus toothpaste
pyrophosphate
Calculus forms in ______
layers
The layers in calculus are separated by lines that appear to be______ and are called _______ lines?
pellicle
incremental
The surface of calculus is _____ and can be detected by use of a ____ or _____
rough
explorer
probe
The outer layer of sub-gingival calculus is partly _____ ________ that is touching the _____
calcified biofilm
pocket epithelium
The average formation time of calculus is_____ However, it can begin as early as _____ to _____ when a patient’s personal daily oral hygiene is neglected?
12 days
24-48 hrs
The ease/difficulty of removal can be related to what?
manner of attachment
Calculus attachment by means of ______ is easily removed and occurs most frequently on enamel and newly scaled root surfaces?
pellicle
Calculus attachment by means of _____ is hard to remove because it gets locked into the surface
minute irregularities in tooth surface
mechanical locking
Calculus attachment by means of ____ is when crystals of the tooth and calculus form as one
direct contact
Calculus is important in the progression of ____
gingivitis and periodontal disease
Sub-gingival biofilm develops as a result of?
down growth of supra-gingival biofilm bacteria
Calculus provides a ______ for the collection of ______ due to its rough porous surface
haven
bacteria/endotoxins
Sub-gingival calculus can be what colors?
light to dark brown, dark green, black
The coloring of sub-gingival calculus comes from?
blood pigments of diseased pocket
The shape of the sub-gingival calculus is made by?
shape of the gingival tissue
Sub-gingival calculus occurs _____ associated supra-gingival depostis
with or without
Sub-gingival calculus is heaviest ______ and lightest on ______ surfaces
proximal
facial
Radiographic examination for calculus is ___ useful
not
The patient needs to understand the ____ of daily biofilm removal and be ___ to spend time each day
necessity
motivated
