Costley Module 12 ch 38 Flashcards
Examination Instruments include?
Probes and Explorers
Treatment Instruments include?
Curets and Scalers
The Design Name of an instrument is named after?
The school or individual responsible for designing it
The working end of a scaler/curet is called a?
Blade
The Cutting Edge is a very _______ where two surfaces meet.
fine line
The Lateral surfaces meet to form the _____ of the instrument
back
The _______ connects the working end with the handle
shank
The _____, ________, and _______ of the shank govern the access of the working end.
shape
length
rigidity
The section of shank adjacent to the blade is called the?
lower/terminal shank
A ______ shank is used for adaptation to tooth surfaces with unrestricted access…like anterior teeth
straight/flat
You would want an Angled shank when cleaning _____ surfaces of ______ teeth. In general angled shanks are great for more ______ areas of access
proximal
posterior
restricted
Examples of Angled Curets are?
how many bends do these curets have in the shank?
Gracey 11/12, 13/14, 15/16
3
The 13/14 and 17/18 Gracey Curets are best on what teeth and surfaces?
Distal surfaces of molars and premolars
The distance from the cutting edge (working end) and the junction of the shank and handle is?
1.5 in or 35-40mm
What is the benefits of a longer shank?
easy access into deep pockets and narrow roots and into furcation areas.
A Rigid, Thick Shank is best used to?
remove heavy calculus deposits
A Less Rigid, More Flexible Shank is better for?
removing fine deposits and maintenance root debridment
A double-ended instrument may have ____ or ______ working ends
paired (mirrored)
complementary
What describes an “ergonomic” handle
One that is lightweight
What are the 4 diameters of handles
3/8
5/16
1/4
3/16
What is the ideal diameters of handles
3/8 or 5/16
The working end of a balanced instrument is ____ in line with the ______ of the handle
centered
long axis
What are the categories of Curets
Universal
Area Specific
Minibladed (micro minibladed)
A scaler can be _____ or ________
It can also have what 3 other categories
curved (sickle) Straight (jacquette) File Hoe Chisel
What are the parts of the blade of a scaler and a curet
Face Lateral surface back tip or toe cutting edges
A tip of an instrument refers to a ____
scaler
A curet has a ____ at the end of the blade
toe
The cutting edge is formed by the junction of the ______ and _____
face and lateral surfaces
A scaler has a _____ tip and a ______ back whereas a curet has a ____ tip and a ______ back
pointed
V-shaped
rounded
rounded
The working ends of a Universal Curet are?
Paired mirror images
Blade Face of a Universal Curet is ___ to the lower shank and ____ in cross section
Perpendicular
Flat
Internal angles of a Universal Curet are?
70-80 degree angles
Gracey curets Face or _____ is at an agle of approximately ___ in relation to the lower shank
“offset”
70 degree
Each Gracey Curet has one _____ edge and the ______ toe
long sharpened cutting
rounded toe
The objectives of the Gracey Curets is to access ___ and conform to ______
base of deep pockets
curvatures of roots
The lower shank on a Gracey Curet is elongated by _____mm
3
A Miniblade and Micro Miniblade has a blade that is ______ the length of a regular Gracey Curet
1/2
The ______ is narrower and 20% thinner with increase in rigidity of shank
Micro Miniblade
What is necessary ( to complete procedure) as a followup after using ultrasonic scaling
Gracey area-specific curets
The Gracey Curet Blade is applied to the tooth so that the face forms a ____ angle with the tooth
70
What part of a Gracey curet is maintained on the tooth at ALL TIMES
toe 1/3 or lower 1/3
Universal VS Area-Specific Curets
What they are best at?
Universal- removing as much calculus as possible
Area-Specific- fine scaling and root planing
What are the 3 directions you STROKE a curet
pull:
vertical, horizontal, oblique
When you use the word “scalers” it includes what types?
Sickle
Jacquette
Scalers can have a ___, ___, or __ shaped shank
straight
curved
contra-angled
Scalers have ____ cutting edges
2
The primary use of a straight shank scaler is what area?
Anterior teeth
A Modified or Contra-angle scaler provides acess to _______ teeth with one side adapting from the _____ and the other from the _____
Proximal surfaces of posterior
facial
lingual/palatal
The principal use of a scaler is for removal of?
SUPRAgingival calculus
Contraindications for use of Scalers SUBgingivally:
The blades are too ______ and can cause undue _______
large of size, thickness, and length
trauma to gingiva
Contraindications for use of Scalers SUBgingivally:
The pointed tip can cause risk of __ or ___ of the cemental surface
grooving
scratching
Contraindications for use of Scalers SUBgingivally:
Tactile sensitivity is ________ due to ___, ___ blades
decreased
large
heavy
Small scalers are useful for removal of _____ supragingival deposits directly under ______ and between______
fine
contact areas
overlapping teeth
File Scalers can be ____ or ____ material
metal
diamond
The File scaler is made up of a series of _____ that are placed at a _____ angle with the shank
miniature hoes
90 degree
File scalers are used to __ and _ calculus prior to using curets. This is helpful on patients that can’t have ________ scaling
crush
fracture
ultrasonic
What type of scaler has a single straigh cutting edge with the blade turned at a 99 degree angle to the shank?
Hoe scaler
The cutting edge of a hoe scaler is at a ______ degree angle to the end of the blade and the Shank can be ____ angulated
45
variously
A Hoe Scaler is mostly used to remove ______ calculus. You have to maintain _____ contact on the tooth
large tenacious supragingival calculus
2-point
File Scaler Stroke Motion
Linear Pull
Hoe Scaler Stroke Motion
Coronal Pull
What kind of scaler has a single stright cutting edge with a blade that is flat and beveled at a 45degree angle.
Chisel Scaler
The main purpose of a chisel scaler is supragingival calculus removal from ______ surfaces of anterior teeth where ____ is missing
exposed proximal
interdental gingiva
NWP:
The wrist is ____ and the ____ and _____ are in the same horizontal plane
straight
forearm
hand
The Neutral elbow is ______degrees or greater with the forearm
90
What is the support, or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body
Fulcrum
An effective finger rest is essential to What?
Stability, Unit Control, Prevention of Injury, Comfort for PT. and Control of Stroke Length
The best place to put an intraoral finger rest is on a ________, in the same _____ and _____ when possible
adjacent tooth
arch
quadrant
You can substitute a finger rest by using a _____ or _____ for areas with missing teeth or use your non-dominant hand placed in the ______ as a finger rest to aid in retraction and visibility in small children
cotton roll/gauze
vestibule
The 3 types of finger rest variations are?
Substitute
Supplementary
Reinforced
What is a type of Supplementary finger rest
“Finger on Finger”
A reinforced finger rest is done by putting the _____ finger of non-dominant hand on the tooth and using the ______ of the dominant hand on the shank
index finger
thumb
What are the effects of excess pressure on finger rest
Decreased: stability, control
Over-tight grasp
Fatigue: clinician and pt. (jaw)
What are the 4 problem areas where attention, time, and careful application of skill is needed
Line Angles
Convex/Rounded surfaces
Cervical Area
Proximal Root Surfaces
The probe tip is held _______ and the long axis of the working end nearly _____ with tooth surface
against the tooth
parallel
An explorer is held with the tip at a _____ angle to the occlusal surface when detecting occlusal pit or fissure caries. And ___ on other surfaces
right angle
on tooth at all times
At ____ angulation the curet face is flat against the tooth surface
Zero
____ pressure is used for Assessment Strokes, ________ pressure is used for Scaling/Working Strokes
light
moderate to heavy
A ______ stroke uses moderate pressure first and then lighter pressure as surface becomes smoother
Root Planing
What happens if you have too little pressure when scaling
burnish calculus
loose control
What happens if you have too much pressure when scaling
remove tooth structure loss of control damage soft tissue patient discomfort clinician fatigue
A stroke is an _______ movement of an instrument
unbroken
The assessment stroke is also called an ______ stroke
exploratory
What stroke is used with a handpiece like when using a rubber polishing cup
Curvilinear/Circular
A stroke is __, _, ___, and __ to protect the tissues from trauma
short
controlled
decisive
directed
