Module 1 Unit 3 - Thalamus

Question 1

What is the only sensory input not involving the thalamus

Answer 1

olfactory. mediated through the olfactory bulb which provides input to the thalamus

Question 2

Thalamus roles

Answer 2

Auditory, visual, all sensory pathways except olfactory.

Emotions

Short Term Memory

Question 3

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 3

input/sensory (Dorsal/posterior)

Question 4

Corticospinal tract

Answer 4

output/motor (ventral/anterior)

Question 5

Anatomical position of Sympathetic NS innervation on the spine

Answer 5

Thoracolumbar

Question 6

Anatomical position of Parasympathetic NS innervation on the spine

Answer 6

Cervical and Sacral

Question 7

NT for all preganglionic gap junctions regardless of system

Answer 7

ACh (nicotinic receptor)

Question 8

NT for postganglionic neurons of the Sympathetic NS? Exception?

Answer 8

Norepi and Epi. Exception is sweat glands which also use ACh (muscarinic receptor)

Question 9

NT for postganglionic neurons of the Parasympathetic NS?

Answer 9

ACh (Muscarinic receptors)

Question 10

What is Atropine

Answer 10

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor blocker

Question 11

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor

Answer 11

post ganglionic parasymp. fibers and sweat glands in sympathetic NS

Question 12

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor

Answer 12

autonomic ganglia and end plated skeletal muscle

Question 13

ACh effect on cholinergic receptors

Answer 13

Excitatory to most EXCEPT heart and lower esophagus where they are inhibitory. (Why we give atropine in CODES. stimulates the heart,)

Question 14

Catecholamines (sympathetic hormones) are derived from

Answer 14

Tyrosine (essential amino acid)

Question 15

3 Catecholamines

Answer 15

Dopamine
Norepi
Epi

Question 16

How are Catecholamines mediated?

Answer 16

Vesicle mediated

Question 17

How are Catecholamines cleared

Answer 17

Reuptake for later use or degraded by COMT and MAO

Question 18

Norepinephrine effects

Answer 18

Potent excitatory activity and low inhibitory activity

Question 19

Epinephrine effects

Answer 19

Potent excitatory activity and inhibitory activity

Question 20

Alpha vs Beta Receptors

Answer 20

Alpha is excitatory, Beta is Inhibitory

Question 21

a1 receptor

Answer 21

post synaptic sites in smooth muscle - vasoconstriction

Question 22

a2 receptor

Answer 22

presynaptic. INHIBIT release of Norepi. Mostly in CNS. Influences BP.

Question 23

B1 receptor

Answer 23

Primarily in heart. causes increased HR and contractility (seems counter intuitive to inhibitory nature. trust)

Question 24

B2 receptor

Answer 24

Primarily in bronchioles. Relaxation of smooth muscles, bronchodilation.