Module 1 Unit 2 - Cell Adaptation and Death Flashcards
Atrophy/hypertrophy
decrease/increase in size
Hyperplasia
increase in number
metaplasia
cell replacement. often with sturdier cells if needed
dysplasia
deranged cell growth of specific tissue. often a precursor to cance.
Cause of cardiac hypertrophy
hypertension
Examples of hyperplasia in health
lactation hyperplasia- increased breast size (caused by increase cell numbers).
Endometrial Hyperplasia thickening of the endometrium
Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck’s disease)
Caused by HPV
Wart like growths in oral mucosa
Myelodysplastic syndrome
dysplasia related. Cancer in which blood cells do not fully mature in marrow
presents with severe anemias
Fibrous dysplasia of the bone
normal bone and marrow replaced with fibrous tissue. bone is weak and prone to expansion
Intracellular accumulation of what material causes Alzheimer’s
B-amyloid and Phosopho-tau aggregated proteins
Intracellular accumulation of what material causes Parkinson’s
A-synuclein aggregated proteins
Dystrophic Calcification
caused by dead and dying cells
Metastatic Calcification
occurs in injured tissues, from increased serum calcium levels
Calcification in blood vessels. 3 types,
Medial Calcification - inside vessel walls
Intimal calcification - inside lumen
Valve Calcification
3 responses to cellular injury
Repair (DNA polymerase)
Apoptosis (Programmed cell death)
Necrosis (unplanned cell death)
